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STEP 2 > HARDEST TO REMEMBER STUFF > Flashcards

HARDEST TO REMEMBER STUFF Flashcards

1
Q

Target LDL in a patient with diabetes

A

70

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2
Q

The most common cause of HTN in young people

A

Men: alcohol
Women: OCPs

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3
Q

Flat-topped papules (6 Ps)

A

Lichen Planus (possibly autoimmune but sometimes there are triggers)

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4
Q

Headache, weakness, and polyuria; exam reveals hypertension and tetany, labs show hypernatremia, hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis

A

Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia)

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5
Q

“Dewdrops on a rose petal,” “teardrops”

A

Primary varicella (chickenpox)

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6
Q

Why are B blockers contraindicated in diabetics?

A

They can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia

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7
Q

The percentage of cases within 2 SDs of the mean

A

95.4%

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8
Q

Diagnostic modality when US is equivocal for cholecystitis

A

HIDA scan

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9
Q

Diarrhea organisms:

  • Most common
  • Recent antibiotic
  • Camping
  • Traveler’s
  • Church picnics/mayo
  • Uncook hamburgers
  • Fried rice
  • Poultry/eggs
  • Raw seafood
  • AIDS
  • Psuedoappendicitis
A
  • Most common: campylobacter
  • Recent antibiotic: C diff
  • Camping: giardia
  • Traveler’s: ETEC
  • Church picnics/mayo: S aureus
  • Uncook hamburgers: E coli O157H7
  • Fried rice: Bacillus cereus
  • Poultry/eggs: Salmonella
  • Raw seafood: Vibrio, HAV
  • AIDS: Isospora, Cryptosporidium, MAC
  • Psuedoappendicitis: Yersinia
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10
Q

Charcot’s triad

A

RUQ pain, jaundice, fever/chills–ascending cholangitis

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11
Q
  • Pure RBC aplasia?
  • Anemia associated with absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, cafe au lait spots, microcephaly, macrocytic anemia, and pancytopenia (congenital marrow failure)?
A
  • Diamond-Blackfan anemia

- Fanconi’s anemia

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12
Q

HUS triad?

A

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure

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13
Q

Treatment for TTP

A

Plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs. Platelet transfusion is contraindicated.

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14
Q

A late, life threatening complication of CML

A

Blast crisis (fever, bone pain, splenomegaly, pancytopenia)

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15
Q

Auer rods on blood smear

A

AML

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16
Q

Treatment for neonatal meningitis

A

Amp and gent

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17
Q

Treatment for meningitis in infants

A

Cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone?) and vancomycin

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18
Q

Ring enhancing brain lesions on CT with seizures

A

Taenia solium (cysticercosis)

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19
Q

Organism associations:

  • Branching rods in oral infection
  • Painful chancroid
  • Raw pork and skeletal uscle cysts
  • Sheepherders with liver cysts
A

Organism associations:

  • Branching rods in oral infection: actinomyces (penicillin)
  • Painful chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi)
  • Raw pork and skeletal muscle cysts (trichinella spiralis)
  • Sheepherders with liver cysts (echinococcus granulosus)
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20
Q

A 55 year old man who is a smoker and a heavy drinker presents with a new cough and flulike symptoms. Gram stain shows no organisms. Silver stain shows gram - rods.

A

Legionella pneumonia (listeria is meningitis in neonates and elderly)

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21
Q

Endocarditis:
IV drug user
Dental procedures
Prosthetic heart valve

A

Endocarditis:
IV drug user–S aureus
Dental procedures-Strep viridans
Prosthetic heart valve-S aureus or Staph epidermidis

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22
Q

An 11 year old obese AA boy presents with sudden onset of limp.

A

SCFE (legg-calve-perth is age 4-10). Diagnose with AP and frog leg lateral XRs

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23
Q

Treatment for guillain barre

A

Plasmapharesis or IVIG–avoid steroids

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24
Q

What % lesion is indication for carotid endarterectomy

A

70% if stenosis is symptomatic (60% if nonsymptomatic in men)

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25
Q

A 6 year old girl presents with a port wine stain in the V1 distribution as well as with mental retardation, seizures, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma

A

Sturge-Weber syndrome. Treat symptomatically.

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26
Q

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, and hyperdocility

A

Kluver Bucy Syndrome (amygdala)

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27
Q

Antibiotics with teratogenic effects

A

Tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides

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28
Q

Cause of amenorrhea with normal prolactin, no response to estrogen progesterone challenge, and a history of D and C

A

Asherman’s syndrome (intrauterine adhesions)

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29
Q

Indications for medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy

A

Patient stable, unruptured,

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30
Q

MOA of danazol, clomiphene, leuprolide

A

Danazol: estrogen antagonist
Clomiphene: Inhibits estrogen receptors in hypothalamus
Leuprolide: GnRH agonist

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31
Q

Most common cause of bloody nipple discharge

A

Intraductal papilloma

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32
Q

Paget’s disease of the breast

A

Underlying ductal carcinoma in situ

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33
Q

Most common cause of infertility

A

Endometriosis

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34
Q

A newborn with a posterior neck mass and swelling of the hands

A

Turner syndrome

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35
Q

A 5 month old girl has decreased head growth, truncal discoordination, and decreased social interaction

A

Rett’s disorder. Loss of milestones.

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36
Q

Med to avoid in patients with PTSD

A

Benzos (due to high addiction potential)

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37
Q

A violent patient has vertical and horizantal nystagmus

A

PCP intoxication

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38
Q

Honeycomb patter on CXR. Treatment?

A

Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Supportive care; steroids may help.

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39
Q

Treatment for SVC syndrome

A

Radiation

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40
Q

“doughy” skin

A

Hypernatremia

41
Q

First line treatment for hypercalcemia

A

IV hydration (loop diuretics can be used for refractory cases if euvolemic)

42
Q

Treatment of SIADH

A

Fluid restriction, demeclocycline if refractory

43
Q

Treatment for malignant hypertension

A

Nitroprusside

44
Q

A burn patient presents with cherry red flushed skin and coma. SaO2 is normal, but carboxyhemoglbin is elevated. Treatment?

A

Treat CO poisoning with 100% O2

45
Q

Method of calculating fluid repletion in burn patients

A

Parkland formula: 24 hour fluids=4xkgx%BSA

46
Q

Acceptable urine output

A

30 cc/hr in a stable patient, 50 cc/hr in a trauma patient

47
Q

Barbiturate antidote

A

Urine alkalinization, dialysis, activated charcoal

48
Q

Cyanide antidote

A

Hydroxycobalamin, amyl nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium thiosulfate

49
Q

Digitalis antidote

A

Normalize K+ and anti digitalis Fab

50
Q

Iron antidote

A

Deferoxamine

51
Q

Methanol/ethylene glycol antidote

A

Fomepizole or ETOH

52
Q

Methemoglobin antidote

A

Methylene blue

53
Q

Salicylates antidote

A

Urine alkalinization, dialysis, activated charcoal

54
Q

TCA antidote

A

Sodium bicarb for QRS prolongation; diazepam or lorazepam for seizures; cardiac monitoring for arrythmias

55
Q

tPA antidote

A

Aminocaproic acid

56
Q

Black widow bite

A

Calcium gluconate (also used for hyperkalemia to stabilize heart)

57
Q

Vitamin A deficiency

A

Night blindness, dry skin

58
Q

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency

A

Angular stomatitis, cheilosis, corneal vascularization

59
Q

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenate) deficiency

A

Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

60
Q

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency

A

Convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy

61
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Macrocytic and megaloblastic anemia, neuro symptoms (subacute combined degeneration and others), glossitis

62
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy (swollen gums, bruising, anemia, poor wound healing

63
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A

Increased fragility of RBCs

64
Q

Biotin deficiency

A

Dermatitis, enteritis. Can be caused by ingestion of raw eggs or antibiotic use

65
Q

Magnesium deficiency

A

Weakness, muscle cramps, exacerbation of hypocalcemic tetany, CNS hyperirritability leading to tremors, choreoathetoid movement

66
Q

Selenium deficiency

A

Keshan disease (cardiomyopathy)

67
Q

Zinc deficiency

A

Alopecia, skin lesions, abnormal taste, impaired wound healing

68
Q

Anti-CCP

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

69
Q

Anticentromere

A

CREST

70
Q

Antinuclear/anti-Scl-70/Antitopoisomerase I

A

Scleroderma

71
Q

Antihistone

A

Drug-induced SLE

72
Q

Anti-Jo-1

A

Polymyositis/dermatomyositis

73
Q

Antimitochondrial

A

PBC

74
Q

c-ANCA

A

Vasculitis, especially Wegener’s

75
Q

p-ANCA

A

Vasculitis, especially microscopic polyangiitis

76
Q

Anti smooth muscle

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

77
Q

Tumor marker in Breast cancer

A

CA-15-3 and CA-27-29

78
Q

Tumor marker in ovarian cancer

A

CA-125

79
Q

Tumor marker in pancreatic cancer

A

CA-19-9

80
Q

Tumor marker in colon cancer

A

CEA

81
Q

Tumor marker in HCC

A

AFP

82
Q

Tumor marker of neural cest origin

A

S-100

83
Q

Tumor marker of haircy cell leukemia

A

TRAP

84
Q

Fatty casts

A

Nephrotic syndrome

85
Q

Broad/waxy casts

A

Chronic renal failure

86
Q

Endometritis Treatment

A

Clinda + Gent

87
Q

Meningitis Treatment

A

Neonates: Amp + Gent
1 month-60 years: Vanc+3rd gen ceph
60 years and on: Vanc+3rd gen ceph+amp (for listeria

88
Q

Chorioamnionitis

A

Amp+Gent

89
Q

Induction of P450s

A

Quinidine, Barbiturates, St John’s wort, phenytoin, rifampin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine

90
Q

Inhibition of P450 enzymes

A

Cimetidine, ketoconazole, INH, grapefruit, erythromycin, sulfonamides, acetaminophen(?)

91
Q

Difference between MM and Waldenstroms

A

Waldenstroms is a hyperviscosity syndrome with elevated levels of IgM

92
Q

Anemia, renal failure, bone pain, hypercalcemia, infections, elevated monoclonal M proteins

A

Multiple Myeloma

93
Q

Bone tumor XR appearances

A

Osteosarcoma: codman’s triangle, sunburst pattern
Ewing’s Sarcoma: Onion skinning
Giant Cell Tumor: Soap bubble

94
Q

Chediak-Higashi

A

AR disorder that leads to a defect in neutrophil chemotaxis/microtuble polymerization. Syndrome of partial oculocutaneous albinism, peripheral neuropathy, and neutropenia

95
Q

Job’s syndrome

A

FATED: coarse facies, abscess (staph aureus), retained primary teeth, hyper IgE, dermatologic

96
Q

C1 esterase deficiency

A

Recurrent angioedema

97
Q

Terminal complement deficiency

A

Recurrent Neisseria infections

98
Q

Symptoms of lead/Chelation for lead

A

Irritability, HA, hyperactivity or apathy, anorexia, intermittent abdominal pain, constipation, intermittent vomiting, and peripheral neuropathy

EDTA

99
Q

Hyperkalemia antidote

A

Calcium Gluconate (cardiac stabilizer)

STEP 2 (27 decks)

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