Rapid Review: Endocrinology Flashcards
The most common cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
The most common cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Lab findings in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
High TSH, low T4, anti-TPO antibodies
Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and decreased TSH
Graves’ disease
The most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome
Iatrogenic corticosteroid administration. The second most common cause is Cushing’s disease.
A patient presents with signs of hypocalcemia, high phosphorus, and low PTH
Hypoparathyroidism
“Stones, bones, groans, psychiatric overtones”
Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia
A patient complains of headache, weakness, and polyuria; examination reveals hypertension and tetany. Labs show hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis.
Primary hyperaldosteronism (due to Conn’s syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia)
A patient presents with tachycardia, wild swings in BP, headache, diaphoresis, altered mental status, and a sense of panic
Pheochromocytoma
Which should be used first in treating pheochromocytoma, alpha or beta blockers
Alpha blockers (phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine)
A patient with a history of lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Treatment of central diabetes insipidus
DDAVP and free water restriction
A postoperative patient with significant pain rpesents with hyponatremia and NORMAL volume status
SIADH due to stress
An antidiabetic agent associated with lactic acidosis
Metformin
A patient presents with weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and new sskin pigmentation, Labs show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.
Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Treat with glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and IV fluids
Goal HbA1c for a patient with DM
Treatment of DKA
Fluids, insulin, and electrolyte repletion (K+)
Why are Beta blockers contraindicated in diabetics
They can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia
Lab findings in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
High TSH, low T4, anti-TPO antibodies
Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and decreased TSH
Graves’ disease
The most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome
Iatrogenic corticosteroid administration. The second most common cause is Cushing’s disease.
A patient presents with signs of hypocalcemia, high phosphorus, and low PTH
Hypoparathyroidism
“Stones, bones, groans, psychiatric overtones”
Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia
A patient complains of headache, weakness, and polyuria; examination reveals hypertension and tetany. Labs show hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis.
Primary hyperaldosteronism (due to Conn’s syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia)
A patient presents with tachycardia, wild swings in BP, headache, diaphoresis, altered mental status, and a sense of panic
Pheochromocytoma
Which should be used first in treating pheochromocytoma, alpha or beta blockers
Alpha blockers (phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine)
A patient with a history of lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Treatment of central diabetes insipidus
DDAVP and free water restriction
A postoperative patient with significant pain rpesents with hyponatremia and NORMAL volume status
SIADH due to stress
An antidiabetic agent associated with lactic acidosis
Metformin
A patient presents with weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and new sskin pigmentation, Labs show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.
Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Treat with glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and IV fluids
Goal HbA1c for a patient with DM
Treatment of DKA
Fluids, insulin, and electrolyte repletion (K+)
Why are Beta blockers contraindicated in diabetics
They can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia
