Rapid Review: Endocrinology Flashcards
The most common cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
The most common cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Lab findings in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
High TSH, low T4, anti-TPO antibodies
Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and decreased TSH
Graves’ disease
The most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome
Iatrogenic corticosteroid administration. The second most common cause is Cushing’s disease.
A patient presents with signs of hypocalcemia, high phosphorus, and low PTH
Hypoparathyroidism
“Stones, bones, groans, psychiatric overtones”
Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia
A patient complains of headache, weakness, and polyuria; examination reveals hypertension and tetany. Labs show hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis.
Primary hyperaldosteronism (due to Conn’s syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia)
A patient presents with tachycardia, wild swings in BP, headache, diaphoresis, altered mental status, and a sense of panic
Pheochromocytoma
Which should be used first in treating pheochromocytoma, alpha or beta blockers
Alpha blockers (phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine)
A patient with a history of lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Treatment of central diabetes insipidus
DDAVP and free water restriction
A postoperative patient with significant pain rpesents with hyponatremia and NORMAL volume status
SIADH due to stress
An antidiabetic agent associated with lactic acidosis
Metformin
A patient presents with weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and new sskin pigmentation, Labs show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.
Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Treat with glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and IV fluids
