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STEP 2 > Rapid Review: Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Rapid Review: Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

The 3 most common causes of fever of unknown origin

A

Infection, cancer, and autoimmune disease

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2
Q

Four signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Fever, pharyngeal erythema, tonsillar exudate, lack of cough

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3
Q

A nonsuppurative complication of streptococcal infection that is not altered by treatment of primary infection

A

Postinfectious glomerulonephritis

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4
Q

The most common predisposing factor for acute sinusitis

A

Viral URI

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5
Q

Asplenic patients are particularly susceptible to these organisms

A

Encapsulated organisms: pneumococcus, meningococcus, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella

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6
Q

The number of bacteria needed on a clean-catch specimen to diagnose a UTI

A

10^5 bacteria/mL

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7
Q

Which healthy population is susceptible to UTIs

A

Pregnant women. Treat aggressively

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8
Q

A patient from Ca or Az presents with fever, malaise, cough, and night sweats. Diagnosis? Treatment?

A

Coccidioidomycosis; amphotericin B

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9
Q

Nonpainful chancre

A

Primary syphilis

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10
Q

A blueberry muffin rash is characteristic of what congenital infection?

A

Rubella

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11
Q

Meningitis in neonates. Causes? Treatment?

A

GBS, E coli, Listeria. Treat with gentamicin and ampicillin

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12
Q

Meningitis in infants. Causes? Treatment?

A

Pneumococcus, meingococcus, H influenze. Treat with cefotaxime and vancomycin

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13
Q

What should always be done prior to LP?

A

Check for increased ICP; look for papilledema

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14
Q

CSF findings:

  • Low glucose, PMN predominance
  • Normal glucose, lymphocytic predominance
  • Numerous RBCs in serial CSF samples
  • Increased gamma globulins
A
  • Bacterial meningitis
  • Aseptic (viral meningitis
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • MS
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15
Q

Initially presents with a pruritic papule with regional lymphadenopathy; evolves into a black eschar after 7-10 days. Treatment?

A

Cutaneous anthrax. Treat with penicillin G or ciprofloxacin

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16
Q

Findings in tertiary syphilis

A

Tabes dorsalis, general paresis, gummas, Argyll Robertson pupil, aortitis, aortic root aneurysms

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17
Q

Characteristics of secondary Lyme disease

A

Arthralgias, mirgratory polyarthropathies, Bell’s palsy, myocarditis

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18
Q

Cold agglutinins

A

Mycoplasma

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19
Q

A 24 year old man presents with soft white plaques on his tongue and the back of his throat. Diagnosis? Workup? Treatment?

A

Candidal thrush. Workup should include an HIV test. Treat with nystatin oral suspension

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20
Q

At what CD4 count should Pneumocystitis jiroveci penumonia prophylaxis be initated in an HIV+ patient?

A
21
Q

Risk factors for pyelonephritis

A

Pregnancy, vesicouretral reflux, anatomic anomalies, indwelling catheters, kidney stones

22
Q

Neutropenic nadir postchemotherapy

A

7-10 days

23
Q

Erythema migrans

A

Lesion of primary lyme disease

24
Q

Classic physical findings for endocarditis

A

Fever, heart murmur, Osler’s nodes, splinter hemorrages, Janeway lesions, Roth’s spots

25
Q

Aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease

A

Parvovirus B19

26
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT with seizures

A

Taenia solium (cysticercosis)

27
Q

NTO: Branching rods in oral infection

A

Actinomyces israelii

28
Q

NTO: Weakly gram +, partially acid fast in lung infection

A

Nocardia asteroides

29
Q

NTO: Painful chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

30
Q

NTO: Dog or cat bite

A

Pasteurella multocida

31
Q

NTO: Gardener

A

Sprorthrix schenckii

32
Q

NTO: Raw pork and skeletal muscle cysts

A

Trichinella spiralis

33
Q

NTO: Sheepherders with liver cysts

A

Echinococcus granulosus

34
Q

NTO: Perianal itching

A

Enterobius vermicularis

35
Q

NTO: Pregnant women with pets

A

Toxoplasma gondii

36
Q

NTO: Meningitis in adults

A

Neisseria meningitidis

37
Q

NTO: Meningitis in elderly

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

38
Q

NTO: Meningoencephalitis in AIDS patients

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

39
Q

NTO: Alcoholic with pneumonia

A

Klebsiella

40
Q

NTO: Currant jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella

41
Q

NTO: Malignant external otitis

A

Pseudomonas

42
Q

NTO: Infection in burn victims

A

Pseudomonas

43
Q

NTO: Osteomyelitis from a foot wound puncture

A

Pseudomonas

44
Q

NTO: Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient

A

Salmonella

45
Q

A 55 year old man who is a smoker and a heavy drinker presents with a new cough and flulike symptoms. Gram stain shows no organisms; silver stain of sputum shows gram negative rods. What is the diagnosis?

A

Legionella pneumonia

46
Q

A middle aged man presents with acute onset monoarticular joint pain and bilateral Bell’s palsy. What is the likely diagnosis, and how did he get it? Treatment?

A

Lyme disease, Ixodes tick, doxycycline

47
Q

A patient develops endocarditis 3 weeks after receiving a prosthetic heart valve. What organism is suspected?

A

S aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidids

48
Q

A patient develops endocarditis in a native valve after having a dental cleaning

A

Streptococcus viridans

STEP 2 (27 decks)

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