Rapid Review: Neurology Flashcards
Unilateral, severe periorbital headache with tearing and conjunctival erythema (and other autonomic signs)
Cluster headache
Prophylactic treatment for migraine
Antihypertensives (usually beta blockers), antidepressants, anticonvulsants, dietary changes
The most common pituitary tumor. Treatment
Prolactinoma. Dopamine agonists (like bromocriptine)
A 55 year old patient presents with acute “broken speech.” What type of aphasia? What lobe and vascular distribution?
Broca’s aphasia. Frontal lobe, left MCA distribution
The most common cause of SAH
Trauma; the second most common is berry aneurysm
A crescent-shaped hyperdensity on CT that does not cross the midline
Subdural hematoma–bridging veins torn
A history significant for initial altered mental status with an intervening lucid interval. Diagnosis? Most likely source? Treatment?
Epidural hematoma. Middle meningeal artery. Neurosurgical evacuation.
CSF findings with SAH.
Elevated ICP, RBCs, xanthochromia.
Albuminocytologic dissociation
Guillain-Barre syndrome (increased protein in CSF without a significant increase in cell count)
Cold water is flushed into a patient’s ear, and the fast phase of the nystagmus is toward the opposite side. Normal or pathologic.
Normal
The most common primary souces of metastases to the brain
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney, GI tract
May be seen in children who are accused of inattention in class and confused with ADHD
Absence seizures
The most frequent presentation of intracranial neoplasm
Headache. Primary neoplasms are much less common that brain metastases
The most common cause of seizures in children (2-10 years old)
Infection, febrile seizures, trauma, idiopathic
The most common cause of seizures in young adults (18-35)
Trauma, alcohol withdrawal, brain tumor
First line medication for status epilepticus
IV benzodiazepine
Confusion, confabulation, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia
Wernicke’s encephalopathy due to a thiamine deficiency
What percent lesion is an indication for carotid endarterectomy?
70% if symptomatic
The most common cause of dementia.
Alzheimer’s and multi-infarct
A combined UMN and LMN disorder
ALS
Rigidity and stiffness with unilateral resting tremor and masked facies
Parkinson’s disease
The mainstay of Parkinson’s therapy
Levodopa/carbidopa
Treatment for Guillain-Barre syndrome
IVIG or plasmapheresis. Avoid steroids
Rigidity and stiffness that progress to choreiform movements, accompanied by moodiness and altered behavior
Huntington’s disease
A 6 year old girl presents with a port wine stain in the V1 distribution as well as with mental retardation, seizures, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma
Sturge-Weber syndrome. Treat symptomatically. Possible focal cerebral resection of the affected lobe.
Multiple cafe au lait spots on skin
NF1
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
May be administered to a symptomatic patient to diagnose myasthenia gravis
Edrophonium
