Rapid Review: Hematology/Oncology Flashcards
Four causes of microcytic anemia
Thalassemia, iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, and sideroblastic anemia
An elderly man with hypochromic, microcytic anemia is asymptomatic. Diagnostic tests?
Fecal occult blood test and sigmoidoscopy; suspect colorectal cancer
Precipitants of hemolytic crisis in patients with G6PD deficiency
Sulfonamides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans
The most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability
Factor V Leiden mutation
The most common inherited bleeding disorder
von Willebrand’s disease
The most common inherited hemolytic anemia
Hereditary spherocytosis
Diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis
Osmotic fragility test
Pure RBC aplasia
Diamond-Blackfan anemia
Anemia associated with absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, cafe au lait spots, microcephaly, and pancytopenia
Fanconi’s anemia
Medications and viruses that lead to aplastic anemia
Chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, radiation, HIV, chemotherapeutic agents, hepatitis, parvovivrus B19, B19
How to distinguish polycythemia vera from secondary polycythemia
PV should have normal O2 saturation and low erythropoietin levels
Secondary polycythemia is due to increased EPO
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purprua pentad?
Fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal dysfunction, neurologic abnormalities
HUS triad?
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure
Treatment for TTP
Emergent large-volume plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs. Platelet transfusion is contraindicated!
Treatment for ITP in children
Usually resolves spontaneously; may require IVIG and/or corticosteroids
Lab findings in DIC?
Fibrin split products and D-dimer are elevated; platelets, fibrinogen, and hematocrit and decreased
An 8 year old boy presents with hemarthrosis and increased PTT with normal PT and bleeding time. Diagnosis and treatment?
Hemophilia A or B. Consider desmopressin (for hemophilia A) or factor 8 or 9 supplements
A 14 year old girl presents with prolonged bleeding after dental surgery and with menses, normal PT, normal or increased PTT, and increased bleeding time. Diagnosis and treatment?
von Willebrand’s disease; treat with desmopressin, FFP, or cryoprecipitate
A 60 year old AA man presents with bone pain. What might a workup for multiple myeloma reveal
Monoclonal gammopathy, Bence Jones proteinuria, and “punched out” lesions on x-ray of the skull and long bones
Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
A 10 year old boy presents with fever, weight loss, and night sweats. Examination shows an anterior mediastinal mass. Diagnosis?
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Microcytic anemia with decrease serum iron, decreased total iron binding capacity, and normal or increased ferritin
Anemia of chronic disease
Microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron, decreased ferritin, and increased TIBC
Iron deficiency anemia
An 80 year old man presents with fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and isolated lymphocytosis. What is the suspected diagnosis?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
The lymphoma equivalent of CLL
Small lymphocytic lymphoma
A late, life-threatening complication of chronic myelogenous leukemia
Blast crisis (fever, bone pain, splenomegaly, pancytopenia
Auer rods on blood smear
AML
AML subtype associated with DIC. Treatment?
M3 (APL). Retinoic acid.
Electrolyte changes in tumor lysis syndrome?
Decreased Ca, increased K, increased phosphate, increased uric acid
A 50 year old man presents with early satiety, splenomegaly, and bleeding. Cytogenetics show t(9,22). Diagnosis?
CML
Heniz bodies
Intracellular inclusions seen in thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, and postsplenectomy
Virus associated with aplastic anemia in patients with sickle cell anemia
Parvovirus B19
A 25 year old AA man with sickle cell anemia has sudden onset of bone pain. Management of pain crisis?
O2, analgesia, hydration, and, if severe, transfusion
A significant cause of morbidity in thalassemia patients. Treatment?
Iron overload; use deferoxamine.
