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STEP 2 > Rapid Review: Hematology/Oncology > Flashcards

Rapid Review: Hematology/Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Four causes of microcytic anemia

A

Thalassemia, iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, and sideroblastic anemia

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2
Q

An elderly man with hypochromic, microcytic anemia is asymptomatic. Diagnostic tests?

A

Fecal occult blood test and sigmoidoscopy; suspect colorectal cancer

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3
Q

Precipitants of hemolytic crisis in patients with G6PD deficiency

A

Sulfonamides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans

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4
Q

The most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability

A

Factor V Leiden mutation

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5
Q

The most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand’s disease

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6
Q

The most common inherited hemolytic anemia

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

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7
Q

Diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis

A

Osmotic fragility test

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8
Q

Pure RBC aplasia

A

Diamond-Blackfan anemia

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9
Q

Anemia associated with absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, cafe au lait spots, microcephaly, and pancytopenia

A

Fanconi’s anemia

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10
Q

Medications and viruses that lead to aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, radiation, HIV, chemotherapeutic agents, hepatitis, parvovivrus B19, B19

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11
Q

How to distinguish polycythemia vera from secondary polycythemia

A

PV should have normal O2 saturation and low erythropoietin levels

Secondary polycythemia is due to increased EPO

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12
Q

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purprua pentad?

A

Fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal dysfunction, neurologic abnormalities

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13
Q

HUS triad?

A

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure

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14
Q

Treatment for TTP

A

Emergent large-volume plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs. Platelet transfusion is contraindicated!

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15
Q

Treatment for ITP in children

A

Usually resolves spontaneously; may require IVIG and/or corticosteroids

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16
Q

Lab findings in DIC?

A

Fibrin split products and D-dimer are elevated; platelets, fibrinogen, and hematocrit and decreased

17
Q

An 8 year old boy presents with hemarthrosis and increased PTT with normal PT and bleeding time. Diagnosis and treatment?

A

Hemophilia A or B. Consider desmopressin (for hemophilia A) or factor 8 or 9 supplements

18
Q

A 14 year old girl presents with prolonged bleeding after dental surgery and with menses, normal PT, normal or increased PTT, and increased bleeding time. Diagnosis and treatment?

A

von Willebrand’s disease; treat with desmopressin, FFP, or cryoprecipitate

19
Q

A 60 year old AA man presents with bone pain. What might a workup for multiple myeloma reveal

A

Monoclonal gammopathy, Bence Jones proteinuria, and “punched out” lesions on x-ray of the skull and long bones

20
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

21
Q

A 10 year old boy presents with fever, weight loss, and night sweats. Examination shows an anterior mediastinal mass. Diagnosis?

A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

22
Q

Microcytic anemia with decrease serum iron, decreased total iron binding capacity, and normal or increased ferritin

A

Anemia of chronic disease

23
Q

Microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron, decreased ferritin, and increased TIBC

A

Iron deficiency anemia

24
Q

An 80 year old man presents with fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and isolated lymphocytosis. What is the suspected diagnosis?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

25
Q

The lymphoma equivalent of CLL

A

Small lymphocytic lymphoma

26
Q

A late, life-threatening complication of chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

Blast crisis (fever, bone pain, splenomegaly, pancytopenia

27
Q

Auer rods on blood smear

A

AML

28
Q

AML subtype associated with DIC. Treatment?

A

M3 (APL). Retinoic acid.

29
Q

Electrolyte changes in tumor lysis syndrome?

A

Decreased Ca, increased K, increased phosphate, increased uric acid

30
Q

A 50 year old man presents with early satiety, splenomegaly, and bleeding. Cytogenetics show t(9,22). Diagnosis?

A

CML

31
Q

Heniz bodies

A

Intracellular inclusions seen in thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, and postsplenectomy

32
Q

Virus associated with aplastic anemia in patients with sickle cell anemia

A

Parvovirus B19

33
Q

A 25 year old AA man with sickle cell anemia has sudden onset of bone pain. Management of pain crisis?

A

O2, analgesia, hydration, and, if severe, transfusion

34
Q

A significant cause of morbidity in thalassemia patients. Treatment?

A

Iron overload; use deferoxamine.

STEP 2 (27 decks)

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