Rapid Review Associations Flashcards
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Cushing ulcer (? intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Skip lesions (Crohn disease)
5
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Atherosclerosis
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
3° syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, thoracic (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
8
Q
Aortic dissection (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Hypertension
9
Q
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
10
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)
11
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
H. pylori
12
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
S. pneumoniae
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Group B streptococcus/E.coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/N. meningitidis (kids/teens)
14
Q
Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)
15
Q
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
16
Q
Brain tumor (adults) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma
17
Q
Brain tumor (kids) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
18
Q
Breast cancer (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Invasive ductal carcinoma
19
Q
Breast mass (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
20
Q
Breast tumor (benign) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Fibroadenoma
21
Q
Cardiac 1° tumor (kids) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
22
Q
Cardiac manifestation of lupus (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)
23
Q
Cardiac tumor (adults) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball and valve”)
24
Q
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation (MCM cause/important assoc.)
A
Chiari II malformation
25
Chronic arrhythmia (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
26
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina (MCM cause/important assoc.)
DES exposure in utero
28
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension (MCM cause/important assoc.)
21-hydroxylase deficiency
29
Congenital cardiac anomaly (MCM cause/important assoc.)
VSD
30
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
31
Constrictive pericarditis (MCM cause/important assoc.)
TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)
32
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis (MCM cause/important assoc.)
LAD \> RCA \> circumflex
33
Cretinism (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism
34
Cushing syndrome (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy), Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol) , ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease) Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
35
Cyanosis (early; less common) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
36
Cyanosis (late; more common) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
VSD, ASD, PDA
37
Death in CML (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Blast crisis
38
Death in SLE (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Lupus nephropathy
39
Dementia (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)
40
Demyelinating disease in young women (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Multiple sclerosis
41
DIC (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
42
Dietary deficit (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Iron
43
Diverticulum in pharynx (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
44
Ejection click (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Aortic stenosis
45
Esophageal cancer (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
46
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
S. aureus, B. cereus
47
Glomerulonephritis (adults) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
48
Gynecologic malignancy (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
49
Heart murmur, congenital (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Mitral valve prolapse
50
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Mitral \> aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
51
Helminth infection (U.S.) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
52
Hematoma—epidural (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
53
Hematoma—subdural (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
54
Hemochromatosis (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, "bronze diabetes," and ? risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
55
Hepatocellular carcinoma (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
56
Hereditary bleeding disorder (MCM cause/important assoc.)
von Willebrand disease
57
Hereditary harmless jaundice (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
58
HLA-B27 (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
59
HLA-DR3 (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Diabetes mellitus type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis
60
HLA-DR4 (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis
61
Holosystolic murmur (MCM cause/important assoc.)
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
62
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Virchow triad ( risk of thrombosis)
63
Hypertension, 2° (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Renal disease
64
Hypoparathyroidism (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
65
Hypopituitarism (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
66
Infection 2° to blood transfusion (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Hepatitis C
67
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease (MCM cause/important assoc.)
S. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase ?)
68
Intellectual disability (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
69
Kidney stones (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Calcium = radiopaque; Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease ? organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus species, and S. saprophyticus); Uric acid = radiolucent
70
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
71
Liver disease (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Alcoholic cirrhosis
72
Lysosomal storage disease (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Gaucher disease
73
Male cancer (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Prostatic carcinoma
74
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Hodgkin lymphoma
75
Malignancy (kids) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
76
Metastases to bone (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Prostate, breast \> lung \> thyroid
77
Metastases to brain (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Lung \> breast \> genitourinary \> melanoma \> GI
78
Metastases to liver (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Colon \>\> stomach, pancreas
79
Mitochondrial inheritance (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
80
Mitral valve stenosis (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Rheumatic heart disease
81
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
82
Myocarditis (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Coxsackie B
83
Nephrotic syndrome (adults) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
84
Nephrotic syndrome (kids) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Minimal change disease
85
Neuron migration failure (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
86
Nosocomial pneumonia (MCM cause/important assoc.)
S. aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram-negative rods
87
Obstruction of male urinary tract (MCM cause/important assoc.)
BPH
88
Opening snap (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Mitral stenosis
89
Opportunistic infection in AIDS (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
90
Osteomyelitis (MCM cause/important assoc.)
S. aureus (most common overall)
91
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Salmonella
92
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Pseudomonas, Candida, S. aureus
93
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Serous cystadenoma
94
Ovarian tumor (malignant) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
95
Pancreatitis (acute) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Gallstones, alcohol
96
Pancreatitis (chronic) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
97
Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML (MCM cause/important assoc.)
ALL: child, CLL: adult \> 60, AML: adult ? 65, CML: adult 45-85
98
Pelvic inflammatory disease (MCM cause/important assoc.)
C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae
99
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
100
Pituitary tumor (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma
101
1° amenorrhea (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
102
1° bone tumor (adults) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Multiple myeloma
103
1° hyperaldosteronism (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
104
1° hyperparathyroidism (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
105
1° liver cancer (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, ?1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)
106
Pulmonary hypertension (MCM cause/important assoc.)
COPD
107
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
108
Renal tumor (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
109
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Cor pulmonale
110
S3 heart sound (MCM cause/important assoc.)
? ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles
111
S4 heart sound (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
112
2° hyperparathyroidism (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
113
Sexually transmitted disease (MCM cause/important assoc.)
C. trachomatis (usually coinfected with N. gonorrhoeae)
114
SIADH (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
115
Site of diverticula (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Sigmoid colon
116
Sites of atherosclerosis (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Abdominal aorta \> coronary artery \> popliteal artery \> carotid artery
117
Stomach cancer (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Adenocarcinoma
118
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
119
t(14;18) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)
120
t(8;14) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)
121
t(9;22) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)
122
Temporal arteritis (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
123
Testicular tumor (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
124
Thyroid cancer (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Papillary carcinoma
125
Tumor in women (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
126
Tumor of infancy (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Strawberry hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
127
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
128
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
129
Type of Hodgkin lymphoma (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Nodular sclerosing (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
130
Type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
131
UTI (MCM cause/important assoc.)
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
132
Vertebral compression fracture (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)
133
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe (MCM cause/important assoc.)
HSV-1
134
Vitamin deficiency (U.S.) (MCM cause/important assoc.)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
