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--Step Shit-- > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Basal plate becomes what type of fibers?

A

Motor fibers (ventral)

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2
Q

Alar Plate becomes what type of fibers?

A

Sensory Fibers (dorsal)

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3
Q

Name the 3 primary vessicles of the developing brain

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencehpalon (hindbrain)

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4
Q

What secondary ventricles arise from the:

Prosencephalon

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

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5
Q

What secondary ventricles arise from the:

Mesencephalon

A

Mesencephalon

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6
Q

What secondary ventricles arise from the:

Rhombencephalon

A

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

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7
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the:

Telencephalon

A

Walls:
Cerebral hemispheres

Cavities:
Lateral ventricles

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8
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the:

Diencephalon

A

Walls:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Cavities:
Third Ventricle

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9
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the:

Mesencephalon

A

Walls:
Midbrain

Cavities:
Cerebral aqueduct

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10
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the:

Metencephalon

A

Walls:
Pons
Cerebellum

Cavities:
Upper part of the fourth ventricle

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11
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the:

Myelencephalon

A

Walls:
Medulla

Cavities:
Lower part of the fourth ventricle

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12
Q

Name the derivatives of the foregut

A

Esophagus to upper duodenum

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13
Q

Name the derivatives of the midgut

A

Lower duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

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14
Q

Name the derivatives of the hindgut

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line

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15
Q

Name the structures which arise from: (2)

Truncus arteriosus

A

Ascending Aorta

Pulmonary Trunk

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16
Q

Name the structures which arise from: (1)

Bulbus Cordis

A

Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles

17
Q

Name the structures which arise from: (4)

Endocardial Cushion

A

Atrial septum
Membranous interventricular septum
AV valves
Semilunar valves

18
Q

Name the structures which arise from: (1)

Primitive Atrium

A

Trabeculated part of left and right atria

19
Q

Name the structures which arise from: (1)

Primitive Ventricle

A

Trabeculated part of left and right ventricles

20
Q

Name the structures which arise from: (1)

Primitive pulmonary Vein

A

Smooth part of left atrium

21
Q

Name the structures which arise from: (1)

Left horn of sinus venosus

A

Coronary sinus

22
Q

Name the structures which arise from: (1)

Right horn of sinus venosus

A

Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)

23
Q

Name the structures which arise from: (1)

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

A

Superior vena Cava

24
Q

What is the Pronephros and when is it present?

A

Part of early kidney system

Present week 4 and then degenerates

25
Q

What is the Mesonephros and when is it present?

A

Functions as interim kidney for 1st trimester

later contributes to male genital system

26
Q

What is the Metanephros and when is it present?

A

Permanent kidney

First appears in the 5th week of gestation with nephrogenesis continuing through weeks 32-36

27
Q

What is the Uteric bud/ what does it form?

A

Derived from caudal end of mesonepric duct
Gives rise to ureter, pelvises, calyces, and collecting ducts
Induces differentiation of metanephric mesenchyme
Fully canalized by week 10

28
Q

What is the Metanephric mesenchyme/ what does it form?

A

Differentiation induced by the uteric bud

forms glomerulus through to the distal convoluted tubule

29
Q

What is the last part of the kidney system to canalyze

A

Ureteropelvic junction as such most common site of obstruction (may be detected on prenatal ultrasound as hydronephrosis)

30
Q

What is the embryological pathology behind a duplex collecting system in the kidney

A

Bifurcation of the ureteric bud before it enters the metanephric blastema creating a y shaped bifid ureter
(or through two ureteric buds reaching and interacting with blastema)
strongly assoc with vesicoureteral reflux and or ureteral obstruction (Inc UTI risk)

31
Q

What is the embryological pathology behind Unilateral renal agenisis

A

Ureteric bud fails to develop and induce differentiation of

metanephric mesenchyme leading to complete absence of kidney and ureter

32
Q

What is the embryological pathology behind Multicystic dysplastic kidney

A

Ureteric bud fails to induce differentiation of metanephric mesenchyme leads to nonfunctional kidney consisting of cysts and connective tissue. Predominantly nonhereditary and usually unilateral; bilateral leads to Potter sequence.

33
Q

What is the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in male infants

A

Posterior urethral valves due to membrane remnant in the posterior urethra

34
Q

What are the structures that pass through the diaphragm at:

T8

A

IVC

Right Phrenic Nerve

35
Q

What are the structures that pass through the diaphragm at:

T10

A

Esophagus

Vagus (2 trunks)

36
Q

What are the structures that pass through the diaphragm at:

T12

A

Aorta
Thoracic duct
Azygous vein

37
Q

Name the location at which the following structures bifurcate:
Common Carotid
Trachea
Abdominal Aorta

A

Common Carotid: C4
Trachea: T4
Abdominal Aorta: L4

38
Q

In the event of a tension pneumothorax where should the needle be placed?

A

Between ribs 2 and 3 at the midclavicular line

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