Embryology Flashcards
Basal plate becomes what type of fibers?
Motor fibers (ventral)
Alar Plate becomes what type of fibers?
Sensory Fibers (dorsal)
Name the 3 primary vessicles of the developing brain
Prosencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencehpalon (hindbrain)
What secondary ventricles arise from the:
Prosencephalon
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
What secondary ventricles arise from the:
Mesencephalon
Mesencephalon
What secondary ventricles arise from the:
Rhombencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
What are the adult derivatives of the:
Telencephalon
Walls:
Cerebral hemispheres
Cavities:
Lateral ventricles
What are the adult derivatives of the:
Diencephalon
Walls:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Cavities:
Third Ventricle
What are the adult derivatives of the:
Mesencephalon
Walls:
Midbrain
Cavities:
Cerebral aqueduct
What are the adult derivatives of the:
Metencephalon
Walls:
Pons
Cerebellum
Cavities:
Upper part of the fourth ventricle
What are the adult derivatives of the:
Myelencephalon
Walls:
Medulla
Cavities:
Lower part of the fourth ventricle
Name the derivatives of the foregut
Esophagus to upper duodenum
Name the derivatives of the midgut
Lower duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
Name the derivatives of the hindgut
Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line
Name the structures which arise from: (2)
Truncus arteriosus
Ascending Aorta
Pulmonary Trunk
Name the structures which arise from: (1)
Bulbus Cordis
Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
Name the structures which arise from: (4)
Endocardial Cushion
Atrial septum
Membranous interventricular septum
AV valves
Semilunar valves
Name the structures which arise from: (1)
Primitive Atrium
Trabeculated part of left and right atria
Name the structures which arise from: (1)
Primitive Ventricle
Trabeculated part of left and right ventricles
Name the structures which arise from: (1)
Primitive pulmonary Vein
Smooth part of left atrium
Name the structures which arise from: (1)
Left horn of sinus venosus
Coronary sinus
Name the structures which arise from: (1)
Right horn of sinus venosus
Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
Name the structures which arise from: (1)
Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein
Superior vena Cava
What is the Pronephros and when is it present?
Part of early kidney system
Present week 4 and then degenerates
What is the Mesonephros and when is it present?
Functions as interim kidney for 1st trimester
later contributes to male genital system
What is the Metanephros and when is it present?
Permanent kidney
First appears in the 5th week of gestation with nephrogenesis continuing through weeks 32-36
What is the Uteric bud/ what does it form?
Derived from caudal end of mesonepric duct
Gives rise to ureter, pelvises, calyces, and collecting ducts
Induces differentiation of metanephric mesenchyme
Fully canalized by week 10
What is the Metanephric mesenchyme/ what does it form?
Differentiation induced by the uteric bud
forms glomerulus through to the distal convoluted tubule
What is the last part of the kidney system to canalyze
Ureteropelvic junction as such most common site of obstruction (may be detected on prenatal ultrasound as hydronephrosis)
What is the embryological pathology behind a duplex collecting system in the kidney
Bifurcation of the ureteric bud before it enters the metanephric blastema creating a y shaped bifid ureter
(or through two ureteric buds reaching and interacting with blastema)
strongly assoc with vesicoureteral reflux and or ureteral obstruction (Inc UTI risk)
What is the embryological pathology behind Unilateral renal agenisis
Ureteric bud fails to develop and induce differentiation of
metanephric mesenchyme leading to complete absence of kidney and ureter
What is the embryological pathology behind Multicystic dysplastic kidney
Ureteric bud fails to induce differentiation of metanephric mesenchyme leads to nonfunctional kidney consisting of cysts and connective tissue. Predominantly nonhereditary and usually unilateral; bilateral leads to Potter sequence.
What is the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in male infants
Posterior urethral valves due to membrane remnant in the posterior urethra
What are the structures that pass through the diaphragm at:
T8
IVC
Right Phrenic Nerve
What are the structures that pass through the diaphragm at:
T10
Esophagus
Vagus (2 trunks)
What are the structures that pass through the diaphragm at:
T12
Aorta
Thoracic duct
Azygous vein
Name the location at which the following structures bifurcate:
Common Carotid
Trachea
Abdominal Aorta
Common Carotid: C4
Trachea: T4
Abdominal Aorta: L4
In the event of a tension pneumothorax where should the needle be placed?
Between ribs 2 and 3 at the midclavicular line
