Radiation COPY Flashcards
One Curie is that quantity of a radioactive material that will have how many disintegrations in one second
37 billion
A unit of exposure to x or gamma rays
Roentgen
A roentgen is that amount of radiation that will produce in air a given electrical charge per_____of air
Kilogram
What is the unit of absorbed dose in any substance
Radiation absorbed dose (RAD)
What is the unit of dose equivalent for any type of ionizing radiation sorted by body tissue in terms of its biological effect
Roentgen equivalent man
The REM is defined as the dose in RAD multiplied by the appropriate _____
Quality factor
REM = RAD x QF
What was designed so that all branches of science could use a single set of interrelated measurement units
System Internationale (SI)
Known formerly as the Curie this unit is used to measure radioactivity. It is the quantity of a radioactive material that will have one disintegration in one second
Becquerel
Formerly the RAD it is the unit used to measure absorbed dose for any type of radiation and any material. Equal to 100 RAD
Gray
Formerly the REM it relates the absorbed dose in human tissue to the effective biological damage of radiation. it is the equivalent to 100 REM
The sievert.
Primarily of galactic origin consisting of high-energy protons helium ions electrons, and photons. Interaction with an atmosphere by these particles produces most of the observed cosmic radios
Cosmic radiation
The intensity of cosmic radiation varies with what?
Latitude and elevation.
Higher elevations receive greater exposures.
Naturally occurring radioactive isotopes are a form of what type of radiation?
Terrestrial radiation
Terrestrial radiation consists of either isotopes produced by what
or
isotopes with _____ which have been present on earth since it’s creation
Interaction of cosmic rays
Long half lives
Direct terrestrial radiation dose varies with what
Location
What type of radiation occur is with building material such as concrete, brick, and stone, which contain quantities of uranium
Terrestrial radiation
Inhaled Radon 222, ingested potassium 40, carbon-14, etc are forms of what radiation
Natural radioactivity within the body, inhaled radioactivity
What are the most common type of man-made background radiation sources
Isotopic sources
They are intentionally produced by reading material with neutron beams from Excelerators IE cesium 137 which is used to check Radiac calibration
These sources make up the largest variety of radiation sources they can be classified as accelerators or reactors
Machine sources
What are the most common type of Excelerator source
X-ray machines
X-rays are high-energy photons that are how much more energetic than visible light?
1000 to 1,000,000
What is an example of a reactor type source
Nuclear reactor
A typical reactor may produce intensities up to how many RAD/Hr
1 billion
A person living near a nuclear reactor facility might receive an additional exposure of how many mR/yr
0.1 to 1.0 MR/yr