Chapter 10 Flashcards
Is WV a non-agreement state or an agreement state?
Non Agreement
A set of numeric dose limits based on calculations of various risks of cancer and genetic effects to tissues or organs exposed to radiation.
Effective Dose (EfD)
EPA estimates that _______ of US homes exceed radon limits
10%
Majority of U.S. States have entered into “agreements” with the NRC to assume responsibility for enforcing radiation protection regulations through respective health departments.
Agreement States
In non agreement states, both _____ and the NRC enforce regulations by sending agents to HC facilities. Individual states may also legislate their own refs regarding radiation safety.
State
Numeric dose limits based on risks
Effective Dose Limiting System (EfD)
UNSEAR»NAS/NRC-BEIR»ICRP»______
NCRP
NCRP Report __1__ and ICRP Report __2__ are resources for revised recommendations
- # 116
2. #60
U.S. enforcement agency that reviews suggestions from ICRP and makes recommendations and publishes reports to notify organizations and public about issues dealing with radiation protection, measurements, and units
NCRP ( National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements)
International authority that gathers info from UNSEAR $ NAS/NRC-BEIR and Ames suggestions to NCRP regarding occupational and public dose limits
ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection)
Oversees nuclear industry; makes unannounced visits to nuclear med depts
NRC (National Regulatory Commission)
NRC assumes responsibility for enforcing radiation protection regulations
Agreement States (Majority of States)
State and NRC assume responsibility for enforcing radiation protection regulations AND states can legislate their own regulations
Non-Agreement States
Develops and enforces regulations controlling radiation in the environment. Has authority over Radon.
EPA
Radon: Action level above _______ of air
4 Picocuries/Liter (pCi/L)
Regulates design and manufacture of electrical products and diagnostic X-Ray equipment
FDA
Responsible for workplace safety
OSHA
Facilities are required to have a “__________” identifying RSO-usually a Radiologist or Physicist.
“Radiation Safety Program”
To protect public from unnecessary radiation exposure from electric products
Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968
PBL was REQUIRED _______-_______
8/1/74-1994
ALARA established
1954
Establishes minimum Standards of Accreditation for educational radiography program (JRCERT)
Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981
Somatic effects directly related to does received-typically only after LARGE doses. Typically follow a Non-Linear, Threshold Curve
Non-stochastic (Deterministic) Effects
Non-Stochastic Effects:
A. Early Effects
1.
2.
B. Late Effects
1.
2.A) 1. Erythema
2. Epilation
B) 1. Cataracts
2. Decreased Fertility
Non-threshold, random somatic effects. Tend to be ALL-OR-NONE Responce
Stochastic (Probabilistic) Effects
Increased Dose=Increased __1__ of effects BUT severity __2__ dose related
- Occurrence
2. NOT
Reviews studies of biological effects and risk assessment and makes suggestion to ICRP. BEIR V report in 1990 supersedes previous reports studying effects of accidental exposure
NAS/NRC-BEIR (National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council Committee on Biological Effect of Ionizing Radiation)
Evaluates human and environmental radiation exposure and derives risk assessments and then makes suggestions to ICRP
UNSCEAR ( United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects on Atomic Radiation)
