RAD 1 Study Flashcards
Left Lateral Chest: The MSP is ______ with the IR and the CR is _______ to the mid-coronal at the level of T7
- Parallel
- Perpendicular
PA & Left Lateral Chest: The SID is ______
72 inch
Left Lateral Chest: The IR is _____ inches _____ shoulders
- 1 1/2
- Above
PA Chest: The CR is ______ to the MSP and at the level of _____
- Perpendicular
- T7
PA Chest: The IR is _____ above relaxed shoulders
1 1/2-2 inches
The ________ of scapula is at T7
inferior angle
Recommended SID for chest is at least _____ to minimize ______ of the heart and _____ recorded detail
- 72 inches
- Magnification
- Increase
Exposures are made after the ______
2nd deep inspiration
Two seperate radiographs are taken on one _______ and ______
- Inspiration
- Expiration
Chest: Important to get two veiws _____ apart
90 degrees
The mediastinum is the area of the _____ bounded by the sternum _____, spine ____, and lungs _____
- Thorax
- Anteriorly
- Posteriorly
- Laterally
Lungs are enclosed in ____
Pleura
Pleura is ______
a double walled serous membrane
Inner layer of pleura is called
Visceral pleura
Outer layer of pleura is called
Parietal pleura
The right lung has ____ lobes
3
The left lung has ____ lobes
2
The medial border of the lungs are
Hilum
The right lung is ____ shorter than the left
1 inch
The lungs move _____ during inspiration and _____ during expiration
- Inferiorly
- Superiorly
The right primary bronchus is _____,______, and more ______ than the left
- shorter
- wider
- vertical
What makes it easier for foreign bodies to enter the right bronchus?
Position and size
Terminal bronchioles communicate with the _____
alveolar ducts
How many cartilage rings does the trachea have?
16-20
The trachea lies in ____ and is _____ to the esophagus
- Midline
- Anterior
Whats the purpose of the respiratory system?
The exchange of gaseous substances between the air and the blood
What seperates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
Diaphragm
The ____ is where the heart is
pericardial
The space between the two pleural cavities is called the ______
mediastinum
What does body habitus determine?
The shape, position, and movement of internal organs
Whats intermediate between sthenic and asthenic?
Hyposthenic
- manmade form of electromagnetic energy
- travel in bundles of energy known as photons
- known as ionizing radiation
X-Rays
What are some properties of x-rays?
- Electromagnetic radiation that moves at the speed of light
- Travels in straight lines
- Diverges from its source
As the beam diverges it becomes less ____
Intense
What is the SID?
Source to image distance
What is the SOD?
Source to object distance
What is the OID?
Object to image distance
What do x-rays do as they exit the tube?
Diverge and spread
What is beam intensity?
The total amount of energy through a unit area in a given time
As the distance from the source _____ the intensity ____
- Increases
- Decreases
Distance and intensity have a _____ relationship
inverse
Define ethics
The systematic study of rightness and wrongness of human conduct and character as known by natural reason
Ethics is the system of a code of ________ advocated by a particular individual or group
conduct and morals
Ethics are not determined by _______
strict rules or rigid guidelines
Ethics is based on _____
individual conceptions of right and wrong
what are professional ethics?
The standard of conduct expected from members of a profession
What are medical ethics?
A set of principles that guides practitioners in making informed choices about the delivery of healthcare
What is the code of ethics?
An articulated statement of role morality as seen by the members of a profession
Informed consent requires the physician to explain in _______
Understandable language
What is essential for a patient to give informed consent?
Adequate information
In greek autos means ____ and nomos means _____
- Self
- Governance or control
What is Autonomy?
A persons self reliance, independence, liberty rights, privacy, individual choice, freedom of will and the contained ability to decide
What is Respondeat Superior?
The employer is responsible for the actions of the employee
What is Res Ipsa Loquitur?
The things speaks for itself
What is negligence?
An unintentional tort involving duty, breach of duty, injury and causation
What is confidentiality?
The duty of health care providers to protect the privacy of patient information
What is HIPAA?
The protection of confidentiality of individual identifiably health information
What does HIPAA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
What is a breach of confidentiality?
Not maintaining the obligation to keep medical and personal information about patients in confidence
What is a tort?
A private or civil wrong which the court provides a remedy in the form of an action for damages
What is the difference between assault and battery?
Assault is a threat without physically touching someone while battery is touching without consent
What is false imprisonment?
Unlawful confinement
What is defamation?
The making of a false statement thats harmful to anothers reputation
Whats the difference between slander and libel?
Slander is oral and Libel is written
Whats confidentiality?
Maintaining privacy
What is veracity?
Truthfulness
Whats Beneficence?
Process of helping someone
Whats Nonmaleficence?
The passive process of not harming a person while providing aid
Whats Nonconseuqntialism?
The determination of right or wrong acts according to the morality of the act and not the consequence
Whats morals?
Generally accepted customs, principles, or habits of right living & conduct in a society
Whats values?
Ideals and customs of a society toward which the members of a group have an affective regard
What does the ARRT stand for?
The American Registry of Radiologic Technologist
What is the ARRT Code of Ethics?
Consideration of various aspects of the imaging professionals role in health care
When was HIPAA enacted?
1996
HIPAA provides the ability to ______ american workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs
transfer and continue health insurance coverage
When considering HIPAA mandates:
- This law mandates standards for healthcare information on _______,______, ______
- Requires the ______ and ____ handling of protected health information
- Electronic billing
- Electronic medical records
- other processes
- protection
- confidential
What was life like before HIPAA?
- Lacked _____
- ______ from state to state
- _______ within health care organizations
- Uniformity
- Varied
- Inconcsistencies
What does PHI stand for?
Protected health information
Whats the “minimum necessary rule”?
A need to know basis
What are the consequences for breaking the “minimum necessary rule”?
- Termination
- Severe government penalties
The history of medicine dates back ______ in ______
- 5000 years ago
- Egypt and Mesopotamia
Medicine was practiced in combination with ______
Religious beliefs
What potent drugs that was used in ancient egypt are still used today?
Castor oil and opium
Where were the prehistoric skulls found?
Europe and south america
Who was the father of western medicine?
Hippocrates
Whats the hippocratic oath?
A high standard of ethical conduct
What did hippocrates emphasize?
The importance of observing the patient
What was medicine largely controlled by?
Religion
What did the Romans construct?
Aqueducts, baths, sewers, and hospitals
In the early _____ physicians required _____ in england
- 1500’s
- Licensures
Who described bacteria in the 17th century?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (Dutch zoologist)
Who was the first to demonstrate the function of the heart and circulation of blood?
William Harvey (English physicist)
Who laid the foundation of modern medicine?
William Harvey (English physicist)
When did surgery become an experimental science?
18th century
In the 18th century Mental health ____ and the _____ were introduced
- reforms
- Heart drug “digitalis”
Who introduced the smallpox vaccine and led to the field of immunology in 1796?
Edward Jenner (English physician)
In the 19th century who discovered pasteurization and that germs cause disease?
Louis Pasteur (french chemist)
Who developed the foundation for modern nursing in the 19th century?
Florence Nightingale (English Nurse)
Who discovered x-rays?
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (German physicist)
When were x-rays discovered?
November 8, 1895
In ____ insulin was developed by two ____
- 1921
- Canadian doctors
In 1928 who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming (Scottish bacteriologist)
in 1953 who discovered DNA?
Francis Crick & James Watson?
the first successful kidney transplant happened in ___
1954
In 1955 who discovered the vaccine for polio?
Jonas Salk
In 1967 who completed the first open heart transplant surgery?
Christiaan Barnard
