Lower GI Info Flashcards
What is the main functions of the large intestine?
Reabsorption of fluids and eliminations of waste products
What is egestion?
Elimination of waste products
Another name for the elimination of waste products is?
Egestion
Where does the large intestine begin?
Right iliac region
How long is the large intestine?
5 feet
The large intestine is ____ in diameter than the ______
- Greater
- Small intestine
What are the layers of the large intestine?
- Fibrous layer (outermost)
- Muscular layer
- Submucosal layer
- Mucosal layer (innermost)
What is the outermost layer of the large intestine?
Fibrous layer
What is the innermost layer of the large intestine?
Mucosal layer
What does the muscular layer of the large intestine contain?
Taeniae coil
Where is the taeniae coil of the large intestine located?
The mucosal layer
What is the taeniae coil?
3 thickened band of muscles
What is the haustra?
Series of pouches formed by the pulling muscle tone of the taeniae coil
What is the series of pouches formed by the pulling muscle tone of the taeniae coil called?
Haustra
What is the hausta aka?
Haustral folds
What are the main 4 parts of the large intestine?
- Cecum
- Colon
- Rectum
- Anal canal
What parts can you seen in the large intestine?
- Transverse colon
- Right colic flexure
- Ascending colon
- Illeocecal valve
- Cecum
- Vermiform appendix
- Illeum
- Left colic flexure
- Descending colon
- Taenia coil
- Haustra
- Signoid colon
- Anal canal
- Anus
What is the cecum?
A pouch like portion of the large intestine
What is the pouch like portion of the large intestine called?
Cecum
The cecum is apprx. ______ long and ______ in diameter
- 2 1/2”
- 3”
What is the vermiform appendix?
A narrow work like tube thats apart of the cecum
How long is the vermiform appendix?
3”
What is the vermiform appendix attached to?
The posteromedial side of the cecum
What is the illeocecal valve?
Valve that guards the opening between the ileum and cecum
What is the valves that guards the opening between the ileum and cecum?
illeocecal valve
Where is the illeocecal valve located?
Below the junction of the ascending colon and the cecum
How many parts is the colon divided into? What are they?
- 4
- Ascending colon
- Transverse colon
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon (portion)
Where does the ascending colon pass?
Superior from the junction with the cecum to the undersurface of the liver
What part of the colon passes superior from the junction with the cecum to the undersurface of the liver?
Ascending colon
Where does the ascending colon join?
The transverse colon to join the right colic flexure (aka hepatic flexure)
Whats another name for the right colic flexure?
Hepatic flexure
Whats another name for the hepatic flexure?
Right colic flexure
Whats another name for the splenic flexure?
Left colic flexure
Whats another name for the left colic flexure?
Splenic flexure
What does the ascending colon form when it joins with the transverse colon?
Right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)
Whats forms the right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)?
When the ascending colon joints the transverse colon
What part of the colon the the longest, most moveable part?
Transverse colon
The transverse colon is the _______ of the colon
Longest and most moveable part
What does the transverse colon cross to?
The abdomen to the undersurface of the spleen
What part of the colon crosses the abdomen to the undersurface of the spleen?
Transverse colon
What does the transcending colon join?
The descending colon to form the left colic flexure (splenic flexure)
What part of the colon joins the descending colon to form the left colic flexure (splenic flexure)?
Transverse colon
What joins to form the left colic flexure (splenic flexure)?
The transverse colon and descending colon
What does the descending colon pass to join?
Inferiorly and medially to join the sigmoid portion
What part of the colon passes Inferiorly and medially to join the sigmoid portion?
Descending colon
What part of the colon joins the sigmoid colon?
Descending colon
What does the sigmoid colon curve to form and end in?
Curves to form and S-shaped loop and ends in the rectum (level of s3)
Where does the sigmoid colon end in?
The rectum (s3)
What part of the colon ends in the rectum?
The sigmoid colon (portion)
What part of the spine does the rectum lie in?
S3
What part of the body lies in S3?
Rectum
Where does the rectum extend from?
The sigmoid colon to the anal canal
How long is the rectum?
6”
How many curves does the rectum have?
2 AP curves
Why is it important to know how many curves the rectum has?
Important to know when inserting an enema tube
What is the rectal ampula?
Dilation located above the anal canal
What is the dilation located above the anal canal called?
Rectal ampula
What is the anus?
The external aperture of the large intestine
What is the external aperture of the large intestine called?
Anus
Where does the anal canal terminate?
The anus
How long is the distal portion of the rectum?
1”
What is the distal portion of the rectum constricted to form?
The anal canal
What part of the rectum constricts to form the anal canal?
Distal portion of rectum
Where is the large intestine positioned in hypersthenic patients?
Around the periphery of the abdomen
In what kind of patient would the large intestine be positioned around the periphery of the abdomen?
Hypersthenic patients
Why would you need more radiographs for hypersthenic patients?
To show the entire length of the large intestine
In what kind of patients would you need more than 1 radiograph?
Hypersthenic patients
Where is the large intestine positioned for asthenic patients?
Bunched together and positioned low in the abdomen
In what kind of patients would the large intestine be bunched together and positioned low in the abdomen?
Asthenic patients
What is the single contrast method?
Where barium sulfate suspension or water-soluble iodinated contrast is used
Why is water soluble iodinated contrast not sufficient for the double contrast method?
Cannot properly visualize the mucosa
Which contrast is insufficient for double contrast method?
Water soluble iodinated contrast
What is the double contrast method?
When two different contrast is used in a procedure
What is the two stage procedure for the double contrast method?
When the colon is examined using barium sulfate, then the barium is evacuated, then an air enema is administered
What procedure of the double contrast method is used when the colon is examined using barium sulfate, then the barium is evacuated, then an air enema is administered?
Two stage procedure
What is the single stage procedure for the double contrast method?
When barium and gas is injected selectively
What procedure for double contrast is used when barium and gas is injected selectively?
Single stage
What does positive contrast media show for lower GI?
Anatomy and tone of the colon, plus any abnormalities related to tone
What kind of contrast shows anatomy and tone of the colon, plus any abnormalities related to tone for lower GI?
Positive contrast media
What does negative contrast media show for lower GI?
The mucosal lining of the colon and any small intraluminal lesions, such as polypoid tumor
What kind of contrast shows the mucosal lining of the colon and any small intraluminal lesions, such as polypoid tumors for lower GI?
Negative contrast media
What does negative contrast serve to extend and distend?
The lumen of the bowel
What kind of contrast serves to extend and distend the lumen of the bowel?
Negative contrast media
What kind of administration is used if patient is unable to tolerate rectal administration?
Oral administration of iodinated contrast
