Lower GI Info Flashcards
1
Q
What is the main functions of the large intestine?
A
Reabsorption of fluids and eliminations of waste products
2
Q
What is egestion?
A
Elimination of waste products
3
Q
Another name for the elimination of waste products is?
A
Egestion
4
Q
Where does the large intestine begin?
A
Right iliac region
5
Q
How long is the large intestine?
A
5 feet
6
Q
The large intestine is ____ in diameter than the ______
A
- Greater
- Small intestine
7
Q
What are the layers of the large intestine?
A
- Fibrous layer (outermost)
- Muscular layer
- Submucosal layer
- Mucosal layer (innermost)
8
Q
What is the outermost layer of the large intestine?
A
Fibrous layer
9
Q
What is the innermost layer of the large intestine?
A
Mucosal layer
10
Q
What does the muscular layer of the large intestine contain?
A
Taeniae coil
11
Q
Where is the taeniae coil of the large intestine located?
A
The mucosal layer
12
Q
What is the taeniae coil?
A
3 thickened band of muscles
13
Q
What is the haustra?
A
Series of pouches formed by the pulling muscle tone of the taeniae coil
14
Q
What is the series of pouches formed by the pulling muscle tone of the taeniae coil called?
A
Haustra
15
Q
What is the hausta aka?
A
Haustral folds
16
Q
What are the main 4 parts of the large intestine?
A
- Cecum
- Colon
- Rectum
- Anal canal
17
Q
What parts can you seen in the large intestine?
A
- Transverse colon
- Right colic flexure
- Ascending colon
- Illeocecal valve
- Cecum
- Vermiform appendix
- Illeum
- Left colic flexure
- Descending colon
- Taenia coil
- Haustra
- Signoid colon
- Anal canal
- Anus
18
Q
What is the cecum?
A
A pouch like portion of the large intestine
19
Q
What is the pouch like portion of the large intestine called?
A
Cecum
20
Q
The cecum is apprx. ______ long and ______ in diameter
A
- 2 1/2”
- 3”
21
Q
What is the vermiform appendix?
A
A narrow work like tube thats apart of the cecum
22
Q
How long is the vermiform appendix?
A
3”
23
Q
What is the vermiform appendix attached to?
A
The posteromedial side of the cecum
24
Q
What is the illeocecal valve?
A
Valve that guards the opening between the ileum and cecum
25
What is the valves that guards the opening between the ileum and cecum?
illeocecal valve
26
Where is the illeocecal valve located?
Below the junction of the ascending colon and the cecum
27
How many parts is the colon divided into? What are they?
- 4
- Ascending colon
- Transverse colon
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon (portion)
28
Where does the ascending colon pass?
Superior from the junction with the cecum to the undersurface of the liver
29
What part of the colon passes superior from the junction with the cecum to the undersurface of the liver?
Ascending colon
30
Where does the ascending colon join?
The transverse colon to join the right colic flexure (aka hepatic flexure)
31
Whats another name for the right colic flexure?
Hepatic flexure
32
Whats another name for the hepatic flexure?
Right colic flexure
33
Whats another name for the splenic flexure?
Left colic flexure
34
Whats another name for the left colic flexure?
Splenic flexure
35
What does the ascending colon form when it joins with the transverse colon?
Right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)
36
Whats forms the right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)?
When the ascending colon joints the transverse colon
37
What part of the colon the the longest, most moveable part?
Transverse colon
38
The transverse colon is the _______ of the colon
Longest and most moveable part
39
What does the transverse colon cross to?
The abdomen to the undersurface of the spleen
40
What part of the colon crosses the abdomen to the undersurface of the spleen?
Transverse colon
41
What does the transcending colon join?
The descending colon to form the left colic flexure (splenic flexure)
42
What part of the colon joins the descending colon to form the left colic flexure (splenic flexure)?
Transverse colon
43
What joins to form the left colic flexure (splenic flexure)?
The transverse colon and descending colon
44
What does the descending colon pass to join?
Inferiorly and medially to join the sigmoid portion
45
What part of the colon passes Inferiorly and medially to join the sigmoid portion?
Descending colon
46
What part of the colon joins the sigmoid colon?
Descending colon
47
What does the sigmoid colon curve to form and end in?
Curves to form and S-shaped loop and ends in the rectum (level of s3)
48
Where does the sigmoid colon end in?
The rectum (s3)
49
What part of the colon ends in the rectum?
The sigmoid colon (portion)
50
What part of the spine does the rectum lie in?
S3
51
What part of the body lies in S3?
Rectum
52
Where does the rectum extend from?
The sigmoid colon to the anal canal
53
How long is the rectum?
6"
54
How many curves does the rectum have?
2 AP curves
55
Why is it important to know how many curves the rectum has?
Important to know when inserting an enema tube
56
What is the rectal ampula?
Dilation located above the anal canal
57
What is the dilation located above the anal canal called?
Rectal ampula
58
What is the anus?
The external aperture of the large intestine
59
What is the external aperture of the large intestine called?
Anus
60
Where does the anal canal terminate?
The anus
61
How long is the distal portion of the rectum?
1"
62
What is the distal portion of the rectum constricted to form?
The anal canal
63
What part of the rectum constricts to form the anal canal?
Distal portion of rectum
64
Where is the large intestine positioned in hypersthenic patients?
Around the periphery of the abdomen
65
In what kind of patient would the large intestine be positioned around the periphery of the abdomen?
Hypersthenic patients
66
Why would you need more radiographs for hypersthenic patients?
To show the entire length of the large intestine
67
In what kind of patients would you need more than 1 radiograph?
Hypersthenic patients
68
Where is the large intestine positioned for asthenic patients?
Bunched together and positioned low in the abdomen
69
In what kind of patients would the large intestine be bunched together and positioned low in the abdomen?
Asthenic patients
70
What is the single contrast method?
Where barium sulfate suspension or water-soluble iodinated contrast is used
71
Why is water soluble iodinated contrast not sufficient for the double contrast method?
Cannot properly visualize the mucosa
72
Which contrast is insufficient for double contrast method?
Water soluble iodinated contrast
73
What is the double contrast method?
When two different contrast is used in a procedure
74
What is the two stage procedure for the double contrast method?
When the colon is examined using barium sulfate, then the barium is evacuated, then an air enema is administered
75
What procedure of the double contrast method is used when the colon is examined using barium sulfate, then the barium is evacuated, then an air enema is administered?
Two stage procedure
76
What is the single stage procedure for the double contrast method?
When barium and gas is injected selectively
77
What procedure for double contrast is used when barium and gas is injected selectively?
Single stage
78
What does positive contrast media show for lower GI?
Anatomy and tone of the colon, plus any abnormalities related to tone
79
What kind of contrast shows anatomy and tone of the colon, plus any abnormalities related to tone for lower GI?
Positive contrast media
80
What does negative contrast media show for lower GI?
The mucosal lining of the colon and any small intraluminal lesions, such as polypoid tumor
81
What kind of contrast shows the mucosal lining of the colon and any small intraluminal lesions, such as polypoid tumors for lower GI?
Negative contrast media
82
What does negative contrast serve to extend and distend?
The lumen of the bowel
83
What kind of contrast serves to extend and distend the lumen of the bowel?
Negative contrast media
84
What kind of administration is used if patient is unable to tolerate rectal administration?
Oral administration of iodinated contrast
