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RAD > Lower GI Info > Flashcards

Lower GI Info Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main functions of the large intestine?

A

Reabsorption of fluids and eliminations of waste products

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2
Q

What is egestion?

A

Elimination of waste products

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3
Q

Another name for the elimination of waste products is?

A

Egestion

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4
Q

Where does the large intestine begin?

A

Right iliac region

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5
Q

How long is the large intestine?

A

5 feet

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6
Q

The large intestine is ____ in diameter than the ______

A
  • Greater
  • Small intestine
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7
Q

What are the layers of the large intestine?

A
  • Fibrous layer (outermost)
  • Muscular layer
  • Submucosal layer
  • Mucosal layer (innermost)
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8
Q

What is the outermost layer of the large intestine?

A

Fibrous layer

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9
Q

What is the innermost layer of the large intestine?

A

Mucosal layer

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10
Q

What does the muscular layer of the large intestine contain?

A

Taeniae coil

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11
Q

Where is the taeniae coil of the large intestine located?

A

The mucosal layer

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12
Q

What is the taeniae coil?

A

3 thickened band of muscles

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13
Q

What is the haustra?

A

Series of pouches formed by the pulling muscle tone of the taeniae coil

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14
Q

What is the series of pouches formed by the pulling muscle tone of the taeniae coil called?

A

Haustra

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15
Q

What is the hausta aka?

A

Haustral folds

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16
Q

What are the main 4 parts of the large intestine?

A
  • Cecum
  • Colon
  • Rectum
  • Anal canal
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17
Q

What parts can you seen in the large intestine?

A
  • Transverse colon
  • Right colic flexure
  • Ascending colon
  • Illeocecal valve
  • Cecum
  • Vermiform appendix
  • Illeum
  • Left colic flexure
  • Descending colon
  • Taenia coil
  • Haustra
  • Signoid colon
  • Anal canal
  • Anus
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18
Q

What is the cecum?

A

A pouch like portion of the large intestine

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19
Q

What is the pouch like portion of the large intestine called?

A

Cecum

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20
Q

The cecum is apprx. ______ long and ______ in diameter

A
  • 2 1/2”
  • 3”
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21
Q

What is the vermiform appendix?

A

A narrow work like tube thats apart of the cecum

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22
Q

How long is the vermiform appendix?

A

3”

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23
Q

What is the vermiform appendix attached to?

A

The posteromedial side of the cecum

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24
Q

What is the illeocecal valve?

A

Valve that guards the opening between the ileum and cecum

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25
Q

What is the valves that guards the opening between the ileum and cecum?

A

illeocecal valve

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26
Q

Where is the illeocecal valve located?

A

Below the junction of the ascending colon and the cecum

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27
Q

How many parts is the colon divided into? What are they?

A
  • 4
  • Ascending colon
  • Transverse colon
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon (portion)
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28
Q

Where does the ascending colon pass?

A

Superior from the junction with the cecum to the undersurface of the liver

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29
Q

What part of the colon passes superior from the junction with the cecum to the undersurface of the liver?

A

Ascending colon

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30
Q

Where does the ascending colon join?

A

The transverse colon to join the right colic flexure (aka hepatic flexure)

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31
Q

Whats another name for the right colic flexure?

A

Hepatic flexure

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32
Q

Whats another name for the hepatic flexure?

A

Right colic flexure

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33
Q

Whats another name for the splenic flexure?

A

Left colic flexure

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34
Q

Whats another name for the left colic flexure?

A

Splenic flexure

35
Q

What does the ascending colon form when it joins with the transverse colon?

A

Right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)

36
Q

Whats forms the right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)?

A

When the ascending colon joints the transverse colon

37
Q

What part of the colon the the longest, most moveable part?

A

Transverse colon

38
Q

The transverse colon is the _______ of the colon

A

Longest and most moveable part

39
Q

What does the transverse colon cross to?

A

The abdomen to the undersurface of the spleen

40
Q

What part of the colon crosses the abdomen to the undersurface of the spleen?

A

Transverse colon

41
Q

What does the transcending colon join?

A

The descending colon to form the left colic flexure (splenic flexure)

42
Q

What part of the colon joins the descending colon to form the left colic flexure (splenic flexure)?

A

Transverse colon

43
Q

What joins to form the left colic flexure (splenic flexure)?

A

The transverse colon and descending colon

44
Q

What does the descending colon pass to join?

A

Inferiorly and medially to join the sigmoid portion

45
Q

What part of the colon passes Inferiorly and medially to join the sigmoid portion?

A

Descending colon

46
Q

What part of the colon joins the sigmoid colon?

A

Descending colon

47
Q

What does the sigmoid colon curve to form and end in?

A

Curves to form and S-shaped loop and ends in the rectum (level of s3)

48
Q

Where does the sigmoid colon end in?

A

The rectum (s3)

49
Q

What part of the colon ends in the rectum?

A

The sigmoid colon (portion)

50
Q

What part of the spine does the rectum lie in?

A

S3

51
Q

What part of the body lies in S3?

A

Rectum

52
Q

Where does the rectum extend from?

A

The sigmoid colon to the anal canal

53
Q

How long is the rectum?

A

6”

54
Q

How many curves does the rectum have?

A

2 AP curves

55
Q

Why is it important to know how many curves the rectum has?

A

Important to know when inserting an enema tube

56
Q

What is the rectal ampula?

A

Dilation located above the anal canal

57
Q

What is the dilation located above the anal canal called?

A

Rectal ampula

58
Q

What is the anus?

A

The external aperture of the large intestine

59
Q

What is the external aperture of the large intestine called?

A

Anus

60
Q

Where does the anal canal terminate?

A

The anus

61
Q

How long is the distal portion of the rectum?

A

1”

62
Q

What is the distal portion of the rectum constricted to form?

A

The anal canal

63
Q

What part of the rectum constricts to form the anal canal?

A

Distal portion of rectum

64
Q

Where is the large intestine positioned in hypersthenic patients?

A

Around the periphery of the abdomen

65
Q

In what kind of patient would the large intestine be positioned around the periphery of the abdomen?

A

Hypersthenic patients

66
Q

Why would you need more radiographs for hypersthenic patients?

A

To show the entire length of the large intestine

67
Q

In what kind of patients would you need more than 1 radiograph?

A

Hypersthenic patients

68
Q

Where is the large intestine positioned for asthenic patients?

A

Bunched together and positioned low in the abdomen

69
Q

In what kind of patients would the large intestine be bunched together and positioned low in the abdomen?

A

Asthenic patients

70
Q

What is the single contrast method?

A

Where barium sulfate suspension or water-soluble iodinated contrast is used

71
Q

Why is water soluble iodinated contrast not sufficient for the double contrast method?

A

Cannot properly visualize the mucosa

72
Q

Which contrast is insufficient for double contrast method?

A

Water soluble iodinated contrast

73
Q

What is the double contrast method?

A

When two different contrast is used in a procedure

74
Q

What is the two stage procedure for the double contrast method?

A

When the colon is examined using barium sulfate, then the barium is evacuated, then an air enema is administered

75
Q

What procedure of the double contrast method is used when the colon is examined using barium sulfate, then the barium is evacuated, then an air enema is administered?

A

Two stage procedure

76
Q

What is the single stage procedure for the double contrast method?

A

When barium and gas is injected selectively

77
Q

What procedure for double contrast is used when barium and gas is injected selectively?

A

Single stage

78
Q

What does positive contrast media show for lower GI?

A

Anatomy and tone of the colon, plus any abnormalities related to tone

79
Q

What kind of contrast shows anatomy and tone of the colon, plus any abnormalities related to tone for lower GI?

A

Positive contrast media

80
Q

What does negative contrast media show for lower GI?

A

The mucosal lining of the colon and any small intraluminal lesions, such as polypoid tumor

81
Q

What kind of contrast shows the mucosal lining of the colon and any small intraluminal lesions, such as polypoid tumors for lower GI?

A

Negative contrast media

82
Q

What does negative contrast serve to extend and distend?

A

The lumen of the bowel

83
Q

What kind of contrast serves to extend and distend the lumen of the bowel?

A

Negative contrast media

84
Q

What kind of administration is used if patient is unable to tolerate rectal administration?

A

Oral administration of iodinated contrast

RAD (32 decks)

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