Quiz 3 Flashcards
Insulin
a. is secreted from the liver
b. is a protein hormone
c. increases glucose uptake into cells
d. decreases blood glucose
BCD
Skeletal muscle fiber formation
a. occurs before birth of livestock species
b. requires differentiation of myoblasts
c. results from ossification of cartilage
d. is restricted in runt piglets
ABD
Which are important for skeletal muscle contraction or crossbridge cycling?
a. oxygen binding to myosin
b. calcium release from terminal cisternae
c. myosin binding to actin
d. ATP binding to myosin
BCD
Compared with white muscle fibers, red skeletal muscle fibers
a. are higher in myoglobin
b. rely more on glycolytic metabolism
c. are most resistant to fatigue
d. have more surface area: volume
ACD
Which of the following are approved growth promotants for pigs in the U.S.?
a. Estradiol
b. Trenbolone acetate
c. Progesterone
d. paylean (ractopamine)
D
Cortisol
a. is a steroid hormone
b. is typically increased during stress
c. is produced in the anterior pituitary
d. is also called adrenaline
AB
Apoptosis refers to a joint disease caused by insufficient articular cartilage.
False
Leptin is produced by adipose tissue, and acts on the brain to decrease the appetite (reduce food intake) of humans and animals. If heifers get too far, leptin can also impair development of their mammary glands.
True
Because locomotion is critical for survival, skeletal muscle has a higher priority for nutrients than the brain, bone, and adipose tissue.
False
Bone and skeletal muscle are derived from mesodermal stem cells, whereas internal organs are derived from ectoderm, and the brain and skin are derived from endoderm.
False
Myofibrils are the organelles of contraction in skeletal muscle, and lifting heavy weights lead to an increase in the number of myofibrils in a muscle fiber.
true
True growth is the increase in size or mass of structural tissues or organs, but does not include excess fat accumulation.
True
A hormone is synthesized in ductless glands and secreted into the blood, where it travels to another tissue and evokes a response after binding to a _______________. This type of hormone action is called ________________ action.
receptor, endocrine
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) is produced by the ________________ (specific region of brain). This stimulates release of growth hormone, also known as ________________ from the anterior ______________. Growth hormone stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) from the ____________, and IGF-I is actually responsible for many of the effects of growth hormone on milk production, and growth of skeletal muscle and bone. IGF-I can also be secreted from a skeletal muscle fiber, and stimulate protein synthesis in this same muscle fiber. This type of growth factor action is called____________ action.
hypothalymus, somatotropin, pituitary, liver, autocrine
Blood from the pulmonary veins enters the heart at the left atrium and is ________________ (oxygenated or deoxygenated). Blood is pumped through the aorta by the left ___________.
oxygenated, ventricle