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AVS > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Insulin

a. is secreted from the liver
b. is a protein hormone
c. increases glucose uptake into cells
d. decreases blood glucose

A

BCD

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2
Q

Skeletal muscle fiber formation

a. occurs before birth of livestock species
b. requires differentiation of myoblasts
c. results from ossification of cartilage
d. is restricted in runt piglets

A

ABD

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3
Q

Which are important for skeletal muscle contraction or crossbridge cycling?

a. oxygen binding to myosin
b. calcium release from terminal cisternae
c. myosin binding to actin
d. ATP binding to myosin

A

BCD

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4
Q

Compared with white muscle fibers, red skeletal muscle fibers

a. are higher in myoglobin
b. rely more on glycolytic metabolism
c. are most resistant to fatigue
d. have more surface area: volume

A

ACD

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5
Q

Which of the following are approved growth promotants for pigs in the U.S.?

a. Estradiol
b. Trenbolone acetate
c. Progesterone
d. paylean (ractopamine)

A

D

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6
Q

Cortisol

a. is a steroid hormone
b. is typically increased during stress
c. is produced in the anterior pituitary
d. is also called adrenaline

A

AB

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7
Q

Apoptosis refers to a joint disease caused by insufficient articular cartilage.

A

False

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8
Q

Leptin is produced by adipose tissue, and acts on the brain to decrease the appetite (reduce food intake) of humans and animals. If heifers get too far, leptin can also impair development of their mammary glands.

A

True

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9
Q

Because locomotion is critical for survival, skeletal muscle has a higher priority for nutrients than the brain, bone, and adipose tissue.

A

False

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10
Q

Bone and skeletal muscle are derived from mesodermal stem cells, whereas internal organs are derived from ectoderm, and the brain and skin are derived from endoderm.

A

False

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11
Q

Myofibrils are the organelles of contraction in skeletal muscle, and lifting heavy weights lead to an increase in the number of myofibrils in a muscle fiber.

A

true

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12
Q

True growth is the increase in size or mass of structural tissues or organs, but does not include excess fat accumulation.

A

True

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13
Q

A hormone is synthesized in ductless glands and secreted into the blood, where it travels to another tissue and evokes a response after binding to a _______________. This type of hormone action is called ________________ action.

A

receptor, endocrine

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14
Q

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) is produced by the ________________ (specific region of brain). This stimulates release of growth hormone, also known as ________________ from the anterior ______________. Growth hormone stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) from the ____________, and IGF-I is actually responsible for many of the effects of growth hormone on milk production, and growth of skeletal muscle and bone. IGF-I can also be secreted from a skeletal muscle fiber, and stimulate protein synthesis in this same muscle fiber. This type of growth factor action is called____________ action.

A

hypothalymus, somatotropin, pituitary, liver, autocrine

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15
Q

Blood from the pulmonary veins enters the heart at the left atrium and is ________________ (oxygenated or deoxygenated). Blood is pumped through the aorta by the left ___________.

A

oxygenated, ventricle

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16
Q

______________ is known as the “fight or flight” hormone, and this hormone is produced by the __________ medulla.

A

Adrenaline, adrenal

17
Q

__________ (chemical class) hormones, like glucagon, typically act via membrane bound receptors. Steroid hormones typically act via _________________ (location) receptors.

A

Protein, intraellular

18
Q

Long bone growth occurs at growth plates, which contain epiphyseal _____________ that becomes ossified as the animal reaches its mature sixe. An animal’s bones are likely to become ___________ (more or less) dense during lactation or old-age.

A

cartilage, less

19
Q

Growth of tissues can occur by __________, which is an increase in cell size, or ______________ which is an increase in cell number account for the majority of tissue growth during ____________(embryonice or postnatal) development

A

hypertrophy, hyperplasia, embryonic

20
Q

The precursor for amine hormones is the amino acid, tyrosine, but steroid hormones are synthesized from _____________, and protein hormones are made up of amino acids.

A

cholesterol

21
Q

When does most of the body weight gain of a fetus occur? Be specific.

A

The Third Trimester of pregnancy

22
Q

Provide two reasons why the bones of a female may become less dense as the animal ages.

A
  • disease like osteoporosis

- less stress on the bones from lack of exercise

23
Q

Insulin

a. is secreted from the pancreas
b. is a protein hormone
c. increases glucose uptake in cells
d. increases blood glucose

A

ABC

24
Q

Triiodothyronine (T3)

a. contains three iodines
b. regulates metabolic rate
c. is classified as a amine hormone
d. causes goiter formation

A

ABC

25
Q

Skeletal muscle fiber formation

a. occurs before birth of livestock
b. requires differentiation of myoblasts
c. results in formation of multinucleated cells
d. is restricted in runt piglets

A

ABCD

26
Q

Double muscling

a. is caused by a defect in myosin
b. occurs in dogs, cattle, and humans
c. results from a non-functional myostatin protein
d. results from more and larger muscle fibers

A

BCD

27
Q

Hormone receptors

a. bind specific hormones with high affinity
b. may be found in the cell nucleus
c. for protein hormones are in/on the cell membrane
d. for all hormones are composed of triglycerides

A

ABC

28
Q

Cortisol

a. is a steroid hormone
b. is typically increased during stress
c. is produced in the anterior pituitary
d. is also called adrenaline

A

AB

29
Q

Paracrine action of a growth factor describes secretion by one cell and action on adjacent cells of a different type.

A

true

30
Q

Apoptosis refers to a joint disease caused by insufficient articular cartilage

A

Fasle

31
Q

Leptin is produced by adipose tissue, and acts on the brain to decrease the appetite (reduce food intake) of humans and animals. If heifers get too fat. leptin can also impair development of their mammary glands.

A

True

32
Q

Because locomotion is critical for survival, skeletal muscle has a higher priority for nutrients than the brain, bone, and adipose tissue.

A

False

33
Q

Bone and skeletal muscle are derived from mesodermal stem cells, whereas internal organs are derived from endoderm, and the brain and skin are derived from ectoderm.

A

True

34
Q

True growth is the increase in size or mass of structural tissues or organs, but does not include excess fat accumulation.

A

true

35
Q

Some hormones are synthesized in ductless glands and secreted into the blood, where they travel to another tissue to evoke a response. This type of action is called _____________ action.

A

endocrine

36
Q

When an endodermal stem cell acquires characteristics that are unique to a liver cell, one could say the cell has undergone the process of _____________.

A

differentiation?

37
Q

Fetal development represents the last _________% of the prenatal time period.

A

80-85%

AVS (26 decks)

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