Anatomy and Physiology/Endocrineology for Quiz 3 Flashcards
what makes up whole blood
45 % formed elements
55% plasma
What makes up formed elements in whole blood
platelets
red blood cells
white blood cells
what makes up plasma
1,5% other
91% water
7% proteins
what is another name for red blood cells
erythrocytes
what do red cells do
carry oxygen and CO2
another name for white blood cells
leukocytes
what do white blood cells do
they are immune cells
another name for platelets
thrombocytes
what do platelets do
blood clotting
what does the nervous system do
carries signals from sensory orgnas to the brain (afferent signals) and signals from brain to muscles and tissues (efferent signals)
what are the two systems the nervous system is divided into and what do they include
central nervous system- brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system- cranial and spinal nerves
what is the oxygen binding protein in blood
hemeglobin
in a neuron/nerve cell what does dendrites do
receive signal from adjacent cell
what does the axon do
carries signals along the length of cell via electrical action potential
what does the terminal bulb do
hold neurotransmitters to communicate with the dendrites of the next neuron
what is the synapse
the space between the dendrites of one cell and terminal bulb of the next
what is an example of a neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
what is acetocholine
substance released from terminal button nerve cell it propacates that nervous thing?
The speed of contraction is determined by the ________ _________ of the ________ that control the muscle
intrinsic property of the nerve
what are transverse tubules
extensions of the sarcolemma
def of eplymsium
perimysium
endonysium
muscle cell
ep- connective tissues around muscle
pe- connective tissues around bundle of muscle fibers
en- connective around muscle cell
mu- another name= muscle fiber
Cardiac muscle
branched fibers connected by dense ________ _______
many __________ __________
large and numerous ___________
intercalated disks
glycogen granules
mitochondria
In the lymph system….
_____________ or _________ filter foreign substances, produce ___________.
nodes or glands
produce lymphocytes
These are considered Immune cells
white blood cells
What are 2 examples of amine hormones
catecholamines
thyroid hormones
What are the three chemical classes of hormones
proteins/peptides
amines
steroids
secretion from a cell acts on the same cell
autocrine
chemical synthesized in ductless glands and secreted into blood, and thereby transported to target tissues when they evoke a specific response
hormones
The range of movement depends on muscle….
length
Muscle contraction
- signal from _____
- _____ ______ spreads along _______ and ______ into the _______ of _______.
- ________ released from _______ ________.
- ______ binds the protein _________, causes _______ change in protein complex, allows _____ to bind ________ leads to crossbridge _______ leads to contraction.
- _________ of signals = _______ release ceases
- _________ pumped into ______ _______ and muscle relaxes
A. signal from nerve
B. Action potential, sarcolemma, t tubules, interior of fiber
C. calcium release from terminal cisternae
d. calcium binds, troponin c, conformation, myosin, actin, cycling
e. cessation, Ca+++,
f. CA+++, sarcoplasma reticulum
long, thin, cylindrical rods
site of force production within muscle fibers
run parallel to long axis of muscle Fibers-entire length
500-2000 per myofiber
80% of skeletal muscle volume
myofibrils
Skeletal muscle connected to bone via ________
tendons
moves oxygenated blood to body and returns venous blood to heart
systemic circulation
skeletal muscle has ______ control
cardiac muscle has ______ control
smooth muscle has ______ control
voluntary
involuntary
involuntary
those are also known as thromnoytes
platelets
hormone receptors describe
minimal chemical moiety of a target cell that provides specific recognition of a hormone
have sites for hormone binding, signol transjunction and or interaction with cellular macromolecules
located on all surface intracellular
what are two steroid hormones
cholesterol progesterone
low intensity burns more _____
high intensity burns more _____
lipids
carbs
