Animal Nutrition Laarman (1st half)

Question 1

what is animal nutrition

Answer 1

the science of how animals assimilate feeds

how the nutrients in feed are utilized for growth, tissue repair and replacement
production of animal products

Question 2

What is a nutrient

Answer 2

any chemical element or compound provided in the diet that can support growth, reproduction, lactation or maintenance of life processes

Question 3

What are the percentages of nutrients of our bodies

Answer 3

61% water
17% protein
6% minerals
14% lipids
1.5% carbs 
less than 1% vitamins

Question 4

What is significant about the chemical composition of animals with different body weights etc

Answer 4

it varies depending on dietary measures, age, health

Remember that animal vs human nutrition is they have different desired outcomes. Humans = healthy, animals = a final good product

Question 5

what are the six classes of nutrients

Answer 5

water 
carbs
lipids
protein (amino acid)
vitamins
minerals

Question 6

what do carbs contain

Answer 6

oxygen carbon hydrogen

Question 7

what are the classes of carbs

Answer 7

1. simple sugars: (glucose)
   - primary energy source for cells
2. complex carbs: (cellulose-fiber)
   - maintain health of digestive system
   - compound sugars made up a lot of simple sugars

Question 8

What are some carb containing foods and what does it help with

Answer 8

simple: breads, cereal
complex: hay

Energy content, digestive health

Question 9

What do proteins consist of

Answer 9

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms

Question 10

what are the functions of protein

Answer 10

structural role (muscle skin)
internal communication (hormones)
source of energy (not ideal)

Question 11

What are some protein containing foods

Answer 11

corn, meats

Question 12

What do lipids consist of

Answer 12

carbon oxygen hydrogen atoms

Question 13

what are the functions of lipids

Answer 13

source of a large amount of energy
major component of cell membranes (lipid bilayer)
regulation of cellular processes

Question 14

what is the formula for lipids

Answer 14

Cn H2n+2 O1 (terminal hydrogens at each end and at least one oxygen)

Question 15

what is the formula for carbs

Answer 15

CnH2nOn

Question 16

What are the functions of water

Answer 16

dissolves and carries nutrients, gases, waste
provides environment for chemical reactions
body temp regulation

Question 17

what do vitamins consist of

What makes vitamins different from carbs and lipids

Answer 17

carbon oxygen and hydrogen

they do not provide structure of energy

Question 18

What are the two classifications of vitamins

Answer 18

water soluble (b-vitamins and vitamin C)
fat soluble (vitamins a, d, e, k)

Question 19

What are the functions of vitamins

Answer 19

regulate body processes
promote growth and development
build and maintain tissues
assist in use of enerfy from carbs, protein, lipids

Question 20

What are minerals

Answer 20

all inorganic substances in the body besides water

• naturally occur in the earth
• not used directly for energy

Question 21

What are the functions of minerals

Answer 21

structural role (calcium)
regulation of body processes (sodium)
facilitate chemical reactions (selenium)

Question 22

what are the two inorganic nutrients

Answer 22

water, minerals

Question 23

which classes of nutrients provide no structure or energy

Answer 23

vitamins, minerals, water

Question 24

What is an essential nutrient vs a nonessential nutrient

Answer 24

1. essential: a chemical element/compound that must be obtained in the diet because
   - cannot synthesize it or cant in sufficient amounts
   - easy to find in environment
2. nonessential: chem element the body synthesizes in sufficient amounts if it is lacking in the diet
   - we synthesize this because its not easily attained in the diet

Question 25

what is a micronutrient vs a macronutrient

Answer 25

micro= need only a little of

macro= need a lot

Question 26

what is an organic nutrient vs inorganic nutrient

Answer 26

1. organic: substance contains c-c or c-hydrogen bonds (carbs, proteins, lipids, vitamins)
2. inorganic: substance that does NOT contain c-c or c-h bonds (water minerals)

Question 27

what are the major functions of nutrients

Answer 27

structure of cells and tissues
regulation of body functions
energy provision

Question 28

what is calorie and how is it measured

Answer 28

calorie: amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1 g of water per 1 degree c

Kcal= 1 kg water per 1 degree c

measured by a bomb calorimeter

Question 29

what is the caloric content for
carbs
proteins
lipids

Answer 29

carbs: 4 kcal/g
proteins: 4 kcal/g
lipid: 9 kcal/g