Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
Anatomy def
Form
Can be in a large scale, microscopic (histology), or comparative (retractable vs nonretractable claw)
Physiology def
Body/organ function
Animal vitals
Run hotter than humans
Most animal temps are around ___________
Which two are abnormal
102
Horse lower
Poultry higher
Where is the dorsal
Surface back
What does median plane do
Cut down middle of animal
Where is the cranial end
Head
What’s another name for causal end
Coccygeal
What does the transverse plane do
Perpendicular to median plane
What is another name for median plane
Mid sagital plane
Frontal plane
?
What is difference between abduction and adduction
Abduction- movement away from median plane
Add- movement toward median plane
Difference between anterior and posterior
Anterior/ toward front of body
Posterior- toward back surface of body
Difference between caudal and cranial
Caudal- toward tail
Cranial- toward head
What does cutaneous
Relating to the skin
What is the ventral
Belly
Muscle just below skin is ______________ abdominal muscle also known as fly shaker
Cutaneous
What’s the difference between extension and flexion
Extension- straightening of limbs
Flexion- bending of limbs at joints
Difference between lateral and medial
Lateral- away from median plane
Medial- toward median plane
What is sagital
Any plane parallel to median plane
What is a process
A projection or outgrowth
What’s the difference of proximal and distal
Proximal- usually applied to limbs
Toward the attached portion of major body mass
Distal- farthest from major body mass
Def of superficial (superficialis)
Toward surface
Transverse def
A plane across body perpendicular to median plane
Infra or sub
Below or beneath
Supra
Above or superior
Inter
Between
Intra
Within
Skin
Exterior covering of body
Continuous
Layers of skin + def
Epidermis- outer layers of epithelial cells
Dermis- connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph, nerves, glands, hair follicular
Functions of skin
Protection
Temp regulation
Responds to environment (sensory nerves)
Secretion and excretion
Skeletal system functions
Protection
Provide rigidity and form (support)
Act of levers
Store minerals
Sure for red blood cell formation
5 vertebraes
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal
What are the three things that make up pelvis
Shaft of Ilium (hook)
Ischium (pin)
Pubic symphysis (middle)
Four types of joints
Ball and socket: shoulder hip
Hinged: elbow
Pivot: neck (atlas, axis)
Glide: ( vertebrae- bend several directions)
Another name for ribs
Casts
This carries signals from sensory organs to the brain (afferent signals) and signals brain muscles and tissues (efferent signals)
Nervous system
Another name for signals from sensory organs to the brain
Afferent signals
Signals from brain to muscles and tissues
Efferent signals
Name two systems in nervous system
Central and peripheral
The central nervous system consists of what
Brain and spinal cords
Peripheral nervous system consists of
Cranial and spinal nerves
Whole blood is made up of two things they are
Formed elements (45%) Plasma (55%)
Formed elements consist of
Platelets
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma consists of
Other (1.5%)
Water (91.5%
Proteins 7%
Proteins in plasma consist of
Binding proteins
Antibodies
Hemoglobin in blood is what
Oxygen binding protein in blood
Red blood cells are also called and are produced in
Erythrocytes
Bone marrow
Red blood cells carry what
Oxygen and co 2
White blood cells are also called
Leukocyte
White blood cells are what
Immune cells
Platelets another name for
Thrombocytes
Platelets do what
Blood clotting
Name the control, banding pattern, shape, and nuclei/cell of skeletal muscle
Control: voluntary
Bp: striated
Shape: threadlike
N/c- multinucleated
What is the control, banding pattern, shape, and nuclei:celll of cardiac muscle
Control- involuntary
Bp: striated
Shape: branches
N/c: mononucleated
What is the control, banding pattern, shape, and nuclei/cell of smooth muscle
Control: involuntary
Bp: non striated
Shape: various
Nc: mononucleated
What does striated mean
Under microscope and have banding patterns due to density of proteins
What are the 5 muscle functions
Locomotion, respiration, circulation, digestion, and reproduction
What muscle type performs: Locomotion Respiration Circulation Digestion Reproduction
L- skeletal muscle R- skeletal muscle (not intirrally involuntary because of diaphragm) C- cardiac and smooth D- smooth primarily Rep- smooth primarily
Which muscle type has the largest cells in animals body that is visible by eye
Skeletal muscle
What does multinucleated allow
Allow to get big
Smooth muscle is described as
Adaptable
How many chambers are in the heart of humans
Name them
4
Right and left atrium
Right and left ventricles
What do artiers do
What do veins do
Artiers thick vessels that carry oxygen rich blood
Veins- return vessels
What are the two exceptions to veins and artieries
Pulmonary v and a
What are capillaries
Thin walled vessels, all tissues
What is lymph system
Accessory to circulatory system
Nodes or glands filter foreign substances, produce lymphocytes
Systematic circulation def
Moves oxygenated blood to body and returns venous (deoxygenated) blood to heart
Pulmonary circulation
Veins carry oxygenated blood
What def of cardiac muscle
Branched fibers connected by dense intercalated disks
Many glycogen granules
Large and numerous mitochondria
What are the three muscle fiber types
Red oxidative type 1
Intermediate oxid/glycolytic type 11A
White glycolytic type 11b
