Quiz 2 Flashcards
What does the central vacuole do?
Maintains shape and pressure of the cell.
What does the cell wall do?
Protects the cell, gives structure.
What does the rough ER do?
Processes, folds, and modifies proteins
What does the nucleus do?
Stores DNA
What does the mitochondria do?
Synthesizes carbohydrates to make ATP, site of proteins synthesis.
What does the chloroplast do?
Uses solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates.
What does the golgi body do?
Receives, sorts, processes, repackages, and releases phospholipids and proteins. (Releases them by means of secretion).
What is a gelatinous sheath that surrounds some bacterial cell
A capsule
What type of vesicle can have a byproduct of hydrogen peroxide
Peroxisomes.
What type of vesicle can help with storing substances such as toxins
A vacuole
What is the fluid filled space in chloroplasts
Stroma
What is the fluid filled space in mitochondria
Matrix
What are interconnecting proteins that form spindle apparatus for cell division and form tracks where organelles move?
Microtubules
What proteins may be needed to allow an ion or charged molecule to pass through the plasma membrane.
Carrier.
What are proteins that are associated with a specific shape allowing items such as growth hormones to enter
Cell recognition
When diffusion is involved, how do solutes move on the concentration gradient.
Down
When active transport is involved, how do solutes move on the concentration gradient
Up
What solution is a cell in when it may have more water coming in than leaving and may actually burst if it is an animal cell.
Hypotonic
What type of endocytosis is where the cell may engulf large particular matter?
Phagocytosis
What junctions are when plasma membranes form a channel from cell to cell?
Gap
What white blood cells release histamines?
Mast
What white blood cells do not perform phagocytosis?
Mast
What white blood cells have pus as a byproduct?
Neutrophils
What do cells that are infected by viruses release to help other cells prevent viral infection
Interferons
What do macrophages and dendrites release to signal other white blood cells to act?
Cytokines
What white blood cells are not associated with adaptive immunity and aren’t associated with antibodies
Natural Killer cells
Differentiate between innate and adaptive immunity
Innate: Must create new antibodies to fight because you haven’t had the illness before
Adaptive: Already have had illness, so have the right antibodies to fight it.
What is osmosis?
The movement of water into and out of a cell through a semi-permeable membrane.
Define anitgen
An infection or virus that antibodies target. Can cause illness.
List 2 organelles that plant cells have and animal cells never have
Cell wall, chloroplast
Define aquaporin
How water molecules can enter the cell, channels
What is one function of proteoglycans?
Regulates the passage of molecules through ECM to plasma membrane.
How does exocytosis occur within a cell
The vesicle fuses with plasma membrane as secretion occurs, the vesicle membrane becomes part of the plasma membrane which can then expel.
