Quiz 1 Flashcards
Trapezius
Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)
superficial back
Elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula (abduction above 90-180); lower fibers depress scapula
Latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve
superficial back and shoulder
extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
Rhomboid major
dorsal scapular nerve
superficial back
fixes scapula to thoracic wall and retracts and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity
Rhomboid minor
dorsal scapular nerve
superficial back
fixes scapula to thoracic wall and retracts and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity
Levator scapulae
ventral rami C3-C4 and dorsal scapular nerve
superficial back
elevates scapula medially, inferiorly rotates glenoid cavity
Rectus capitis posterior major
Suboccipital nerve
Dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital)
Origin: spinus process of axis C2
Extends and rotates atlanto-occipital joint
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Suboccipital nerve
Dorsal ramus of C1
suboccipital
Extends and rotates atlanto-occipital joint
Serratus posterior superior
ventral rami of lower thoracic nerves
depresses elevates ribs
Assists forced inspiration
Serratus posterior inferior
ventral rami of upper thoracic nerves
depresses ribs
Assists forced expiration
Serratus anterior
long thoracic nerve and lateral thoracic artery
Laterally rotates and protracts scapula forward (abduction above 90-180)
shoulder
Boxer’s muscle
if LTN cut = angel wing (the medial border of the scapula moves laterally and posteriorly away from the thoracic wall)
Erector spinae
posterior primary rami
dorsal rami
intermediate layer of true back
Lateral flexion of spine
Splenius capitis
posterior primary rami
dorsal rami
superficial layer of true back
Extends and rotates cervical spine
Semispinalis capitis
greater occipital nerve C2
dorsal rami
deep layer of true back
Extends head and spine and lateral flexes spine
Obliquuis capitis superior
suboccipital nerve
Dorsal ramus C1
Suboccipital
Lateral flexes atlanto-occipital joint
Obliquuis capitis inferior
suboccipital nerve
Dorsal ramus C1
Suboccipital
Rotates atlanto-axial joint
Teres minor
axillary nerve
shoulder; rotator cuff
laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
Supraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
shoulder; rotator cuff
abduction of arm (initiation to 15 degrees)
most frequently torn
Subscapularis
Upper and lower subscapular nerves
shoulder; rotator cuff
Medially rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
Insertion:
Lesser tuberosity of humerus, upper medial lip of bicipital groove, capsule of shoulder joint
Teres major
Lower subscapular nerve
Shoulder- insert in bicipital groove of humerus
Medially rotates and adducts arm. Stabilizes shoulder joint
Subclavius
Nerve to subclavius
shoulder
Deltoid
axillary nerve (C5, C6)
shoulder
abducts humerus to 90 degrees
Abducts arm, anterior fibers flex and medial rotate, posterior fibers extend and lateral rotate
insert in deltoid tuberosity
Pectoralis major
medial and lateral pectoral nerves
pectoral region/axilla
Clavicular head:flexes and adducts arm. Sternal head: adducts and medially rotates arm . Accessory for inspiration
Pectoralis minor
medial pectoral nerve
pectoral region/axilla
Elevates ribs if scapula fixed, protracts scapula (assists serratus anterior)
Insert: medial and upper surface of coracoid process of scapula
Sternocleidomastoid
spinal root of accessary Nerve XI
tilts head to side; laterally flexes neck and rotates head toward opposite side
Platysma
cervical branch of facial nerve
Depresses and wrinkles skin of lower face and mouth. Aids forced depression of mandible
Omohyoid (inferior belly)
Ansa cervicalis nerve (C1,2,3)
Depresses hyoid bone and hence larynx
Anterior scalene
Anterior primary rami of C5, 6
brachial plexuses
elevate 1st rib / inspiration
Middle scalene
Anterior primary rami of C3-8
brachial plexuses
elevate 1st rib/ inspiration
Posterior scalene
Anterior primary rami of C6-8
brachial plexuses
elevate 2nd rib / inspiration
Long head of triceps brachii
radial nerve
Extends elbow. Long head stabilizes shoulder joint. medial head retracts capsule of elbow joint on extension
Infraspinatus
suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
Interspinalis
posterior primary rami
Dorsal rami
Extension of spine
Intertransversarii
posterior primary rami
Dorsal rami
laterally flexes spine
Levatores costarum
posterior primary rami
Dorsal rami
elevate ribs
Transversospinalis
posterior primary rami
Dorsal rami
extends spine
(includes semispinalis)
Splenius cervicis
posterior primary rami
dorsal rami C5 C6
extends and rotates cervica spine
Biceps brachii
Musculocutaneous nerve
arm, anterior
Supinates forearm, flexes elbow, weakly flexes shoulder
Brachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve
arm, anterior
Flexes elbow
Coracobrachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve
Arm, anterior
Flexes and weakly adducts arm
Anconeus
Radial nerve
arm posterior
Weak extensor of elbow. Moves (abducts) ulna in pronation
Triceps brachii
radial nerve
arm posterior
Extends elbow. Long head stabilizes shoulder joint. medial head retracts capsule of elbow joint on extension
Flexor carpi radialis
median nerve
forearm; anterior
Flexes and abducts wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris
ulnar nerve
forearm; anterior
Flexes and adducts wrist. Fixes pisiform during action of hypothenar muscles
Flexor digitorum profundus
ulnar nerve= Medial part
median nerve = lateral part
forearm; anterior
Flexes distal interphalangeal joints, then secondarily flexes proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist
Flexor digitorum superficialis
median nerve
forearm; anterior
Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints and secondarily metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist
Superficial splits sides
Flexor pollicis longus
median nerve (anterior interosseous)
forearm; anteiror
Flexes distal phalanx of thumb
Palmaris longus
median nerve (anterior interosseous)
forearm; anterior
Flexes wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis
pronator teres
median nerve
forearm anterior
Pronates forearm and flexes elbow
from medial epicondyle
abductor pollicis longus
radial nerve (posterior interosseous)
forearm; posterior
Abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint
Brachioradialis
radial nerve
Forearm posterior
Flexes arm at elbow and brings forearm into midprone position
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
radial nerve (deep branch)
forearm posterior
Extends and abducts hand at wrist
Extensor carpi radialis longus
radial nerve
forearm posterior
Extends and abducts hand at wrist
Extensor carpi ulnaris
radial nerve (posterior interosseous)
forearm posterior
Extends and adducts hand at wrist
Extensor digiti minimi
radial nerve (posterior interosseous)
forearm posterior
Extends all joints of little finger
Extensor digitorum
radial nerve (posterior interosseous)
forearm posterior
Extends all joints of fingers
Extensor indicis
radial nerve (posterior interosseous)
forearm posterior
Extends all joints of index finger
Extensor pollicis brevis
radial nerve (posterior interosseous)
forearm posterior
Extends metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
Extensor pollicis longus
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous)
forearm posterior
Extends interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb
Supinator
radial nerve (deep branch)
forearm posterior
Supinates forearm. Only acts alone when elbow extended
Adductor pollicis
Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
hand adductor
Adducts carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Abductor digiti minimi
ulnar nerve (deep branch)
hand hypothenar
Abducts little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
ulnar nerve (deep branch)
hand hypothenar
Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger
Opponens digiti minimi
ulnar nerve (deep branch)
hand hypothenar
Opposes (flexes and laterally rotates) carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of little finger
Dorsal interosseous muscles
Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
hand interossei
Abduct from axis of middle finger. Flex metacarpophalangeal joint while extending interphalangeal joints
Palmar interosseous muscles
ulnar nerve (deep branch)
hand interossei
Adduct to axis of middle finger. Flex metacarpophalangeal joint while extending interphalangeal joints
Lumbrical, first and second
Median never (digital branches)
hand medial
Flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints of fingers
Lumbrical third and fourth
ulnar nerve (deep branch)
hand medial
Flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints of fingers
Palmaris brevis
superficial palmar branch of ulnar nerve
hand superficial
Steadies and corrugates skin of palm to help with grip
Abductor pollicis brevis
median nerve (recurrent branch)
hand thenar
Abducts thumb at metacarpophalangeal & carpometacarpal joints
Flexor pollicis brevis
median nerve (recurrent branch)
hand thenar
Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
Opponens pollicis
median nerve (recurrent branch)
hand thenar
Opposes (medially rotates and flexes ) carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb
Pronator quadratus
median nerve
Anterior interosseous nerve
Pronates forearm and maintains ulna and radius opposed
