Lungs Flashcards
What is the difference between a healthy and a preserved lung?
healthy- pink, light, flexible
preseved- less elastic, easier to see landmarks and impressions
What is the apex of the lung called?
3 cm above 1st rib
covered in cervical pleura= cupula of lung
affected by Pancoast tumors
Why is the lung concave and convex?
concave- room for heart on medial side
convex- contours of rib
Which lung is smaller?
Left smaller than right
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
superior and inferior
What is the tongue shaped portion of the anteroinferior portino of superior lobe?
lingula
What are the lobes of the right lung?
3
superior
middle
inferior
What fissure do both lungs have?
oblique fissure
divides superior and inferior
What fissure does right lung have?
horizontal fissure
divides superior from middle
Do the lungs look different from the posterior?
No
3rd lobe only seen from anterior or lateral view
Why is the inferior vena cava short?
really short because goes right from heart to diaphragm
Which groove arch’s through medial aspect of right upper lobe?
azygos vein
drain posterior mediastinum
empties into superior vena cava
What are the impressions of the right lung?
1 superior vena cava 2 inferior vena cava 3 esophagus 4 azygos vein 5 cardiac impression
What is the pulmonary ligament?
pleura meeting pleura
What is the esophogus behind?
brachial artery
What are the grooves of the left lung?
1 arch and descending aorta
2 subclavian artery
3 cardiac impression
What is the hilus?
central medial part of both lungs
where root structures enter and leave lung
Blood vessels, lympathics, etc
What kind of blood do pulmonary arteries carry?
deoxygenated
Wht kind of blood do pulmonary veins carry?
oxygenated blood
What are the nerves of the lung?
parasympathetic- vagus
sympathetic- sympathetic trunk (T1, (T2)-T6)
What artery supplies the right lunch?
bronchial arteries from the intercostal arteries. aorta or left highest intecostal artery
What artery supplies the left lung?
bronchial arteries devereid fromt he descending thoracic aorta
How many bronchial lobes does the right lung have?
3
How many bronchial lobes does the left lung have?
2
Where is the pulmonary artery in the right lung?
anterior to bronchus
Where is the pulmonary artery in the left lung?
superior to bronchus
Where are the superior and inferior pulmonary veins?
pair from each lung
inferior to artery and bronchus
What happens during cardiac contraction?
systole
1 the blood in the right ventricle enters the pulmonary trunk
2 pulmonary arterial branches distriuted in bronchopulmonary segments with the bronchi
3 pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood back to the left atrium
What are the lympathics of the lungs?
superficial and deep
alveoli have no lymphatic drainage
What makes up the tracheal tube?
cartilage horse shoe rings anteriorly
trachealis msucle posteriorly (sympathtic)
carina- cartilaginous projection of the last tracheal ring
What are the bronchi similar to?
cartilage similar to trachea
What is the difference between the rught and left bronchus?
Right- larger, more vertical, shorter than left
where is the primary site of aspirated objects?
where trachea goes to the right bronchus
How many bronchi are there?
primary- enter and serve each lunch
secondary- enter and serve each lobe of lung (3 right 2 left)
tetiary- enter and serve segments of each lobe
bronchioles- small and no cartilage
own blood supply
What are the two parts of pleura separated by serous fluid?
visceral- lungs move freely against parietal and covers all surfaces
parietal- lines pulmonary cavity
What are the parts of the parietal pleura?
1 cervical
2 costal
3 diaphragmatic
4 mediastinal
What does the serous fluid between the visceral and parietal pleural do?
decrease friction between the lungs and ribs
What are the pleural recesses?
pleura continues for 1 or 2 ribs of space after lungs end
space between parietal and visceral pleura
allows for maximum expansion of the lung during forced ventilation
where infections can go
What are the two important pleural recesses?
costodiaphragmatic- bigger
costomediastinal- top/medial n diaphragm
Where would you want to draw fluid off of the lung?
parietal pleura at bottom
do not want to puncture lung/tissue
Where is the best place to drain blood from the lungs?
between 5th and 6th rib
can fix tamponad
What are the boundaries of the posterior mediastinum?
pericardium anteriorly
thoracic vertebrae posteriorly
What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?
1 descending thoraic aorta and its branches 2 esophgus 3 thoracic duct 4 right lymphatic duct 5 azygos and hemiazygos veins 6 sympathetic chain (splanchnics) 7 esophageal lexus (vagus X)
Where is the azygos vein?
ONLY on the right side
What does the azygos vein drain?
intercostal, right renal, right ascending lumbar veins
empties into superior vena cava
What does the hemiazygos vein drain?
lower intercostal, left ascending lumbar, left subcostal veins
corses at level of T9
empties into azygous vein
aorta in the way so on the side
What does the Accessory hemiazygos vein drain?
drains upper intercostal veins
empties into hemiazygos
What else is in the posterior mediastinum?
esophagus and plexus
thoracic symathetic trunks (T1-L2)
thoracic splanchnic nerves
right and left vagus (anterior and posterior vagal trunks)
What are the thoracic splanich nerves?
presynaptic sympathetic fibers from T5-T12 ganglia
exit near aortic hiatus
greater T5-T0
lesser T10-T11
Least T12
What is the esophagus ontop of?
vertebral bodies
Where do the splanchnics go?
pass through ganglion without synapsing
Where is the vagus in relation to the esophagus?
right vagus rolls under esophagus
left vagus on top of esophagus
Where does greater splanchnic go?
looks left
diaphragm pushes into toward bottom
goes to cilliary ganglion
