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SHB > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between a healthy and a preserved lung?

A

healthy- pink, light, flexible

preseved- less elastic, easier to see landmarks and impressions

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2
Q

What is the apex of the lung called?

A

3 cm above 1st rib

covered in cervical pleura= cupula of lung

affected by Pancoast tumors

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3
Q

Why is the lung concave and convex?

A

concave- room for heart on medial side

convex- contours of rib

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4
Q

Which lung is smaller?

A

Left smaller than right

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5
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

superior and inferior

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6
Q

What is the tongue shaped portion of the anteroinferior portino of superior lobe?

A

lingula

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7
Q

What are the lobes of the right lung?

A

3

superior
middle
inferior

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8
Q

What fissure do both lungs have?

A

oblique fissure

divides superior and inferior

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9
Q

What fissure does right lung have?

A

horizontal fissure

divides superior from middle

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10
Q

Do the lungs look different from the posterior?

A

No

3rd lobe only seen from anterior or lateral view

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11
Q

Why is the inferior vena cava short?

A

really short because goes right from heart to diaphragm

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12
Q

Which groove arch’s through medial aspect of right upper lobe?

A

azygos vein

drain posterior mediastinum

empties into superior vena cava

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13
Q

What are the impressions of the right lung?

A 
1 superior vena cava
2 inferior vena cava
3 esophagus
4 azygos vein
5 cardiac impression
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14
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament?

A

pleura meeting pleura

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15
Q

What is the esophogus behind?

A

brachial artery

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16
Q

What are the grooves of the left lung?

A

1 arch and descending aorta
2 subclavian artery
3 cardiac impression

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17
Q

What is the hilus?

A

central medial part of both lungs
where root structures enter and leave lung
Blood vessels, lympathics, etc

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18
Q

What kind of blood do pulmonary arteries carry?

A

deoxygenated

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19
Q

Wht kind of blood do pulmonary veins carry?

A

oxygenated blood

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20
Q

What are the nerves of the lung?

A

parasympathetic- vagus

sympathetic- sympathetic trunk (T1, (T2)-T6)

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21
Q

What artery supplies the right lunch?

A

bronchial arteries from the intercostal arteries. aorta or left highest intecostal artery

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22
Q

What artery supplies the left lung?

A

bronchial arteries devereid fromt he descending thoracic aorta

23
Q

How many bronchial lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

24
Q

How many bronchial lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

25
Q

Where is the pulmonary artery in the right lung?

A

anterior to bronchus

26
Q

Where is the pulmonary artery in the left lung?

A

superior to bronchus

27
Q

Where are the superior and inferior pulmonary veins?

A

pair from each lung

inferior to artery and bronchus

28
Q

What happens during cardiac contraction?

A

systole

1 the blood in the right ventricle enters the pulmonary trunk

2 pulmonary arterial branches distriuted in bronchopulmonary segments with the bronchi

3 pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood back to the left atrium

29
Q

What are the lympathics of the lungs?

A

superficial and deep

alveoli have no lymphatic drainage

30
Q

What makes up the tracheal tube?

A

cartilage horse shoe rings anteriorly

trachealis msucle posteriorly (sympathtic)

carina- cartilaginous projection of the last tracheal ring

31
Q

What are the bronchi similar to?

A

cartilage similar to trachea

32
Q

What is the difference between the rught and left bronchus?

A

Right- larger, more vertical, shorter than left

33
Q

where is the primary site of aspirated objects?

A

where trachea goes to the right bronchus

34
Q

How many bronchi are there?

A

primary- enter and serve each lunch
secondary- enter and serve each lobe of lung (3 right 2 left)
tetiary- enter and serve segments of each lobe
bronchioles- small and no cartilage

own blood supply

35
Q

What are the two parts of pleura separated by serous fluid?

A

visceral- lungs move freely against parietal and covers all surfaces

parietal- lines pulmonary cavity

36
Q

What are the parts of the parietal pleura?

A

1 cervical
2 costal
3 diaphragmatic
4 mediastinal

37
Q

What does the serous fluid between the visceral and parietal pleural do?

A

decrease friction between the lungs and ribs

38
Q

What are the pleural recesses?

A

pleura continues for 1 or 2 ribs of space after lungs end

space between parietal and visceral pleura

allows for maximum expansion of the lung during forced ventilation

where infections can go

39
Q

What are the two important pleural recesses?

A

costodiaphragmatic- bigger

costomediastinal- top/medial n diaphragm

40
Q

Where would you want to draw fluid off of the lung?

A

parietal pleura at bottom

do not want to puncture lung/tissue

41
Q

Where is the best place to drain blood from the lungs?

A

between 5th and 6th rib

can fix tamponad

42
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior mediastinum?

A

pericardium anteriorly

thoracic vertebrae posteriorly

43
Q

What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?

A 
1 descending thoraic aorta and its branches
2 esophgus
3 thoracic duct
4 right lymphatic duct
5 azygos and hemiazygos veins
6 sympathetic chain (splanchnics)
7 esophageal lexus (vagus X)
44
Q

Where is the azygos vein?

A

ONLY on the right side

45
Q

What does the azygos vein drain?

A

intercostal, right renal, right ascending lumbar veins

empties into superior vena cava

46
Q

What does the hemiazygos vein drain?

A

lower intercostal, left ascending lumbar, left subcostal veins

corses at level of T9

empties into azygous vein

aorta in the way so on the side

47
Q

What does the Accessory hemiazygos vein drain?

A

drains upper intercostal veins

empties into hemiazygos

48
Q

What else is in the posterior mediastinum?

A

esophagus and plexus
thoracic symathetic trunks (T1-L2)
thoracic splanchnic nerves
right and left vagus (anterior and posterior vagal trunks)

49
Q

What are the thoracic splanich nerves?

A

presynaptic sympathetic fibers from T5-T12 ganglia
exit near aortic hiatus

greater T5-T0
lesser T10-T11
Least T12

50
Q

What is the esophagus ontop of?

A

vertebral bodies

51
Q

Where do the splanchnics go?

A

pass through ganglion without synapsing

52
Q

Where is the vagus in relation to the esophagus?

A

right vagus rolls under esophagus

left vagus on top of esophagus

53
Q

Where does greater splanchnic go?

A

looks left
diaphragm pushes into toward bottom
goes to cilliary ganglion

SHB (22 decks)

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