Heart Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the middle mediastinum?
superior: sternal angle T4/5
Inferiorly- xiphisternum T9
Lateral left- 5th intercostal space in midaxillary line
Lateral right- along sternal border
Where is the mediastinum?
area in thorax between the lungs, vertebral column, and sternum
What is a tamponod?
bleeding under pericardium
death
What is the pericardium?
sac with fluid for lubrication
What are the two layers of the pericardium?
visceral
parietal
what are the two layers of the parietal layer of the pericardium?
serous
fibrous
Where are the two pericardium sinus located?
between the parietal and visceral layers
located posteriously
can only be entered from the left
What are the two sinuses of the pericardium>
transverse sinus and oblique sinus
How do your fingers stick into the sinuses?
transverse sinus can stick finger in and comes out straight across
oblique sinus goes up but then stops
How does blood circulate through the heart?
1) deoxygenated blood enters right atrium through superior and inferior vena cavae
2) passes the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
3) Exits via pulmonary trunk/arteries through the pulmonary semilunar valve
4) exchanged at lungs
5) oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via the right and left pulmonary veins
6) passes the bicuspid (mitral) valve into left ventircle
7) exits via the ascending aorta through the aortic semilunar valve
What is the strongest part of the heart?
left ventricle
feeds body
How does the body disperse oxygenated blood?
capillaries
How does blood flow through the valves?
tissue paper my ass
tricuspid
pulmonary
mitral
aortic
What are the contents of the right atrium
1 pectinate muscles (in auricle)
2 crista terminalis- ridge with sa node
3 fossa ovalis
4 opening of cornony sinus- “mai vein drain”
5 opening of supieror and inferior vena cava- pierces diaphram to get to heart around T8
What is the embryological significance of the fossa ovalis?
used to be open when placenta was lungs
shuts during development
What are the contents of the right ventricle?
1 tricuspid valve- keeps blood from going back
2 chordae tendinae- keeps from prolapsing
3- papillary muscles- holds cord tight
4 moderator vand (septomarginal traveculae)- bringd contraction fivers for tighteing up to prevent prolapse (pre contraction)
5) trabecuale carnae- rough meat
What do moderator bands do?
carry impulses to papillary muscles before ventricle contracts
helps papillary prevent prolapse of tricuspid valve
pre contraction
What are the contents of the left atrium>
1 openings of pulmonary veins
2 pectinate mucles
3 fossa ovalis
good blood!
What kind of blood is in the pulmonary veins?
good blood from lungs!
What happens if you have sustained high blood pressure?
wall can get thick and decrease stroke volume
What is an ASD?
atrial septal defect
mixing of good blood and bad blood when fossa ovalis open
Where does blood blow out with contraction?
aorta
Where do the key cardiac veins go?
great cardiac (with LAD) middle cardiac (with middle cardiac posterior desecding) small cardiac
to coronary sinus
What artery does the great cardiac vein travel with?
anterior descending LAD = widowmaker
What artery does the middle cardiac vein travel with?
posterior descending artery
What are the coronary arteries?
left:
LAD and circumflex
right:
right marginal
posterior descending
Where do the coronary arteries come off of?
aorta
distal to aortic valve
What does the circumflex branch of left coronary artery anastomose with?
wraps around to meet right coronary artery
What can be a bypass for coronary arteries?
internal thoracic artery (from chest) saphenous vein (from leg or arm) - vein looks like artery stent from groin through femoral artery to hold clotted area of vessel
Where does the coronary sinus drain?
dumps into right atrium
What slows the heart?
parasympathetic vagus X (Ach)
What speeds up the heart?
sympathetic cardiac nerves (NORE)
Which sympathetic fibers innervate the heart to speed up heart rate?
post gang fivers from T1-T5
Where does pain from myocardial infarct radiate?
to uppper limb (left side) along T1 dermatome
What is the intrinsic innvervation of the heart?
Sinu-atrial SA node = pacemaker
Where does atrioventriclar node receive impulses from?
Av node receives from SA node
what does atropine do to the heart?
blocks ach, speeds up heart
What does beta blocker do to the heart?
blocks norepinephine, slows heart
What are the anatomic projections of the heart?
PAM T
pulmonary 3
aortic 3
mitral 4
tricuspid 4
What are the ascultation of heart sounds located?
All Physicians Take Money
Aortic 2
Physician 2
Take 5
Money 5
Which heart valve stays the same from anatomical position to auscultation location?
pulmonary (close)
Which heart valve projection moves the farthest to auculstation point?
Mitral
way down and lateral
Where does aortic heart valve projection move to auculstation point?
to the right and slightly up
