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SHB > Gluteus and Posterior Thigh > Flashcards

Gluteus and Posterior Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Which way does the lower extremity rotate during development?

A

medially

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2
Q

Which nerves innervate lower extremity?

A

lumbar and sacral plexus

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3
Q

What is the blood supply of the lower extremity?

A

mostly femoral artery

obturator a and gluteal vessels also help

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4
Q

Where do femoral hernias occur?

A

femoral triangle where femolral nerves and vessels live

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5
Q

What innerveates the gluteal region?

A

lumbosacral plexus

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6
Q

what is the blood supply of gluteal?

A

superior and inferior gluteal artery

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7
Q

What does the sciatic nerve become>?

A

L4-S3

1 tibial nerve = preaxial
2 common peroneal nerve = postaxial

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8
Q

What does posterior femoral cutaneous n become?

A

S1-S3

1 cluneal n to butt
2 perineal br to perineum

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9
Q

What does superior gluteal n go?

A

L4-S1

glut med
glut mini
tensor fascia lata

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10
Q

what does inferior gluteal n do?

A

L5-S2

gluteaus maximum

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11
Q

Where does n to obturator internus and superior gemellus come from?

A

L5, S1-2

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12
Q

Where does n to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus come from?

A

L4, L5, S1

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13
Q

What does superior gluteal artery supply?

A

branch of internal iliac

superficial division to glut max
deep division to glut med and mini

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14
Q

what does inferior gluteal supply?

A

musucalr
cutaneous
coccygeal
sciatic

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15
Q

What is the thickening of fascia on obturator internus?

A

pudendal canal (alcocks)

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16
Q

What is the route of pudendal n and internal pudendal a?

A

leave pelvis through greater sciatic foramen
loop over sacrospinous ligament
enter perineum through lesser sciatic foramen

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17
Q

What do glut med and glut min do?

A

both abduct and med rotate

nerve = superior gluteal

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18
Q

What divides superior vs inferior gluteal?

A

above or below piriformis m

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19
Q

What dividies greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

A

sacrospinous ligment

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20
Q

what sits on the piriformis muscle?

A

sacral plexus branches

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21
Q

What causes sciatica?

A

prolapse of disk at L4-5

results in pain

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22
Q

what happens if the sciatic nerve is cut?

A

everything below knee is paralyzed and sensation is lost on lateral leg and both sides of foot

injections in butt should onky be made in superolateral quadrant

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23
Q

What is the thick fascial band that crosses the lateral knee?

A

iliotibial band

tensor facia lata helps to extend knee

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24
Q

obturator internus

A

origin: inner surface of obturator membrane and rim of pubis and ischium bordering membrane
insertion: middle part of medial aspct of greater trochanter of femur
action: laterally rotate and stabilize thigh

Nerve: nerve to obturator internus L5 S1 S2

25
Q

Gemellus superior

A

origin: spine of ischium
insertion: middle part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur
action: laterially rotates and stablizes thigh

Nerve: nerve to obturator internus

26
Q

Gemellus inferior

A

origin: upper border of ischial tuberosity
insertion: middle part of medial aspet of greater trochanter of femur
action: laterally rotatates and stabilizes thigh

Nerve: nerve to quadratus femoris L4 5 S1

27
Q

Piriformis

A

origin: 2 3 4 costotransverse bars of anterior sacrum, few fibers from superior border of greater sciatic notch
insertion: anterior part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur
action: laterally rotates and stablizes thigh

Nerve: nerve to piriformis

28
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

origin: outer surface of ilium between middle and inferior gluteal lines
insertion: anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
action: abducts and MEDIALLY rotates thigh. tilts pelvis on walking

Nerve: superior gluteal nerve L4 5 S1

29
Q

Gluteus medius

A

origin: outer surface of ilium between posterior and middle gluteal lines
insertion: posterolateral surface of greater trocanter of femur
action: abducts and medially rotaes thigh. tilts pelvis on walking

Nerve: superior gluteal nerve L4 5 S1

30
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

origin: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
insertion: quadrate tubercle of femur and a vertical line below this to the level of lesser trocanter
action: laterally rotaes and stablies hip

Nerve: nerve to quadratus femoirs L4 .5 S1

31
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

origin: ilium, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
insertion: gluteal tuberosity, iliotibial tract THIGH fACIA
action: extends and LATERALLY rotates hip, aids in nkee etension via iliotibial tract

Nerve: inferior gluteal L5 S1 S2

32
Q

Tensor fascia lata

A

origin: outer surface of anterior iliac crest between tuvercle of the iliac crest ad anterior superior iliac spine
insertion: iliotibial tract (ant surface of lateral condyle of tiia)
action: maintains knee extended (assists gluteus maximums) and abducts thigh

Nerve: superior gluteal nerve L4 5 S1

33
Q

What runs next to the sciatic nerve?

A

posterior femoral cutaneous

34
Q

What is the lubosacral trunk?

A

L4 and L5

35
Q

What is the sciatic nerve?

A

L4 L5 S1 S2 S3

2 nerves in 1 sheath

  • tibial portion
  • fibula portion
36
Q

What is origin of pudendal nerve?

A

S 2 3 4 keeps shit off the floor

37
Q

What runs with pudendal nerve?

A

internal pudendal artery

38
Q

What is the blood supply of the posterior thigh?

A

perforating branches of the profunda femoris

39
Q

what are the two innervations of the biceps femoris?

A

both sciatic

long head = tibial n
short head = common peroneal n

40
Q

What contributes to the pez anserinus on tibia?

A

semimembranosus
gracilius
semitendinosus

41
Q

What tears when you pull a hammy?

A

1 of 3 main posterior thigh muscles

semimembranosus
biceps femoris
semitendinosus

42
Q

what is the diamond shaped area behind the knee?

A

popliteal fossa

has popliteal a and v,
tibial n,
common peroneal n
popliteus m

43
Q

What is the cruciate anastomosis?

A

The cruciate anastomsis = circulatory anastomosis in upper thigh

FILM

first perfroating artery of profundea femoris artery
inferior gluteal artery
lateral circumflex femoral artery
medial circumflex femoral artery

if pathway to popliteal artery by going around blocked internal iliac artery or even upper femoral

ie if clot in inguinal ligament n femoral artery

44
Q

what is tredelenberg sign?

A

butt opposite gluteus medius weakness droops
superior gluteal nerve injury

pelvis tilts toward unaffected side

weak medius cammot support pelvis lecel when foot on mormal side is lifted off ground

45
Q

What happens in superficial perineal space with straddle injury?

A

scapras fascia pouch can fill with urine

46
Q

Obturator externus

A

origin bones around medial side of obturator foamen and external surface of obturator membrane

insertion trochanteric fossa of femur via tendon

action rottates thigh laterally

nerve obturator nerve L3 4

47
Q

Biceps femoris

A

origin long head = lower medial segment of ischial tuberosity and sacrotuverous lig. Short heqad = lateral lip of linea as pera and proxmial 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge and lateral intermusucal septum

insertion lateral side of head of fibula, small slp to lateral tibial condyle

action flexes leg and rotes laterally. long head extends the thigh and rotates laterally

nerve long head = tibial sciatic L5 S1 S2
short head = peroneal divison of sciatic nerve L5 S1 S2

48
Q

Semitendinosus

A

origin lower medial segment of ischial tuverosity by tendon with long head of biceps

insertion medial posterior segent of surface of body of tibia distal to medial condyle and deep fascia of leg

action tibial divison of sciatic nerve L5 S1 s2

nerve extends thigh, flees and medially rotates leg

49
Q

Semimembranosus

A

origin upper lateral segment of ischial tubverosity

insertion posteromedia area of tibial medial condyle. popliteus mscule facia and posterior aspect of lateral femoral condyle receive slips from major area

action tibial dvision of sciatic L5 S1 S2

nerve extends thigh flexes and rotates medial thigh

50
Q

rectus femoris

A

origin anterior endon of origin from anteriorinferior iliac spine reflected tedon of origin from depressoin just superior to acetabular rim

insertion via tendon into base of patella

action extens leg and flexes thigh

nerve femoral nerve L2-4

51
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

origin capsule of hip join, femoral tubercle, distal border of greater trocahnter, anterior surface of shaft of femor medail to greater trocahanter, from gluteal tuberosity WIDE

insertion lateral border of patella - blends with quad femoris tendon

action extends leg

nerve femoral L2-4

52
Q

Vastus medialis

A

origin lower half o intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera etc

insertion tendon medial to medial patellar border and quadriceps femoris tendon. expansion of tendon runs to knee joint capsule

action extends leg

nerve femoral L2-4

53
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

origin anterior and lateral superior of body and femur. distal half of linea aspera, distal third of lateral intermuscal septum

insertion forms deep segment of etndon of quad femoris

action extends leg

nerve femoral L2-4

54
Q

Sartorius

A

origin anterior superior iliac spine and iliac notch just inferior to spoine

insertion ends in tendon that dilates into wide aponeurosis which inserts into media surface of upper tibia. segment of inserting fascia blends with fibers o knee joint capule

action flexes thigh and rotates laterally. flexes and medailly rotates leg

nerve two branches from femoral nerve L2-3

55
Q

Pectineus

A

origin pectineal line from puc bone anteriot to pectineal line from fascia that covers muscles anterior

insertion line leading from lesser trochanter to linea aspra

action adducts flexes and rotates the thigh medially

nerve femoral L2-4, accessory obturator L3

56
Q

Gracilis

A

origin lower half of anterior surface of symphysis pubica, all of inferior public ramus, part of ramus of ischium

insertion medial surface of body of tibia inferior to tibial condyle

action adducts the thigh flexes the leg and rotates the leg medially

nerve

57
Q

Adductor longus

A

origin anterior surface of body of the puis at point where pubic rest joins pubic symphis

insertion medial lip of linea aspera between vastus medialis and adductor magnus

action adducts flexes and rotates thigh medially

nerve obturator, anterior division L3 4

58
Q

Adductor brevis

A

origin external surface of inferior public ramus between gracilis and obturator externus m

insertion proximal half o linea aspea and between the lesser trochanter on posterior surface of femur

action adducts flexes and rotates thigh medially

nerve obturator n, anterior division L3 4

59
Q

Adductor magnus

A

origin ischial tuverosity, edge of inferior ischial ramus, anterior surface of infeior pubic ramus

insertion along line from greater trochanter to linea aspera and medial epicondylic rdige and adductor tuvercle on the medial femoral condyle

action powerful adductor of thigh superior half rotates thigh medially and flexes it the inferior half extends the thigh and rotates it laterally

nerve obturator nerve, posterior division L3 and sciatic tibial L3 4

SHB (22 decks)

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