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SHB > Nasal and Oral Cavities > Flashcards

Nasal and Oral Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the nasal cavities?

A

warm and humidify air breathed in

provide for sense of smell

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2
Q

What are the 3 nasal cavities?

A

nasal vestibule- flared, hair follicles
respiratory region- largest art with conchae
olfactory region- superior with smell receptors

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3
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity?

A

lateral wall
medial wall = nasal septum
Floor- hard palate of oral cavity
Roof

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4
Q

What bones are in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

1 Nasal bone (lateral and alar cartilage)
2 maxilla
3 lacrimal bone
4 ethmoid (conchae)
5 inferior nasal concha
6 perpendicular plate of palatine one
7 medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

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5
Q

What is the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

A

1 perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
2 vomer
3 septal cartilage

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6
Q

What is the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

1 anterior 2/3r of maxilla

2. posterior 1/3 of palatine

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7
Q

What is the roof of the nasal cavity?

A 
1 lateral nasal cartialge 
2 nasal bone
3 frontal bone
4 cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
5 body of sphenoid bone
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8
Q

What are the 6 openings of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. orbit= nasolacrimal duct
  2. nasopharynx= choanae
  3. paranasal sinus = meatal openings
  4. anterior cranial fossa = cribifrorm plate and foramen cecum with olfactory
  5. trygopalatine fossa = sphenopalatine foramen
  6. oral cavity = incisive canal (4 front teeth)
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9
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A
  1. maxillary sinus = w/in body of maxilla beneath orbit
  2. ethnonidal sinus = w/in each ethmoid bone
    - anterior ethnoidal air cells
    - middle ethomidal air cells
    - posterior ethmoidal air cells
  3. frontal sinus = within frontal bone, bilaterally
  4. sphenoidal sinus = within sphenoid bone, separate into right and left halves by midline septum
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10
Q

What are the 4 openings into meati?

A
  1. sphenoethmoidal recess- above superior concha for sphenoidal sinus
  2. superior meatus- beneath superior concha for posterio ethmoidal air cells
  3. middle meatus- beneath middle concha with hiatus semilunaris and ethnoidak bulla
  4. inferior meatus- orifice of nasolacrimal duct
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11
Q

What is drains into the haitus semilunaris in the middle meatus?

A

1 frontal sinus- from frontonasal duct to infundibulum

2 anterior ethmoidal air cells

  1. maxillary sinus- very close to sinus roof
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12
Q

What drains into the ethmoidal bulla?

A

middle ethmoidal air cells

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13
Q

What is the blood supply of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

1 antiorior and posterior ethmoidal arteries ( branch of ophthalmic a)

2 lateral nasal branches (branch of facial a)

3 sphenopalatine artery (branch of maxillary)

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14
Q

What is the blood supply of the medial (septal) wall?

A

1 anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery

2 superior lavial artery (branch of facial)

3 sphenopalatine branches (with nasopalatine nerve through incivive canal)

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15
Q

What is the blood supply of kiesselbachs area?

A

anastomoses between anterior ethmoidal, sphenopalatine, superior labial branches of anteiror septum

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16
Q

What is the most common site for nosebleedsdue to trauma, infection, dry air, or hypertension?

A

Kiesselbach’s area

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17
Q

What is the nerve supply for the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

1 Anterior ethmoidal nerve- from V1 sensory

2 branches from pterygopalatine ganglion

  • sensory from V2
  • parasympathetic (secretomotor) from CN 7 (from greater petrosal)
  • sympathetic (vasoconstriction)
  1. olfacotry nerves
    - smell CN1
  2. nerve of pterygoid canal
    - greater petrosal (parasympathetics, CN7)
    - deep petrosal (sympathetics, cartoid plexus)
    - autonomic innervation to pterygopalatine ganglion) ONLY PARASMPATHICS synpase there
    - autonomics innervate nasal and oral mucosa by following maxillary V2 from ganglion to glands
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18
Q

What nerves supply the medial septal wall?

A

1 Anterior ethmoidal nerve- anterior superior area of septum

2 olfactory nerve- smell, roof of nasal cavity)

3 nasopalatine n - accompanies sphenopalatine artery through incisive canal

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19
Q

What synapses at the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

parasympathetics only

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20
Q

What nerve and artery travel together through the incisive canal?

A

nasopalatine n and sphenopalatine a

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21
Q

What causes a painful tooth ache?

A

maxillary sinus infection

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22
Q

What does the pterygopalatine ganglion hang off of?

A

maxillary V2

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23
Q

What is the roof of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

foramen rotundum

  • connects middle cranial fossa with PPF
  • V2 runs through foramen
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24
Q

What is the left lateral wall of the PPF?

A

pterygomaxillary fissure

  • lateral opening where maxillary artery enters from infratemporal fossa
  • becomes sphenopalatine atery
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25
Q

What is the medial wall (right) of the PPF?

A

sphenopalatine foramen

  • medial opening between PPF and nasal cavity
  • sphenopalatine artery, lateral nasal n, nasopalatine n go through
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26
Q

What is the anterior (front) wall of the PPF?

A

inferior orbital fissure

  • V2 becomes infraorbital nerve
  • passes anteriorly from PPF to orbit
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27
Q

What is the posterior wall (behind) of the PPF?

A

Pterygoid canal

  • nerve and artery of pterygoid canal come through
  • carry secretomotor and sympathetic fibers
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28
Q

What is the floor of the PPF?

A

palatine canal

  • greater and lesser palatine nn and descending palatine artery come through
  • pharyngeal n sensory to nasopharynx
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29
Q

What makes up the nerve of the pterygoid canal?

A

1 greater pretrosal nerve (after foramen lacerum)

2- deep petrosal nerve

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30
Q

Where does the nerve of the pterygoid canal go?

A

1 through pterygoid canal

2 pterygopalatine fossa

3 pterygopalatine ganglion (ONLY parasymp fibers synapse)

  1. post ganglionic paraympsathetic fibers rejoin sympathetic fibers and branch to go to nasal cavity and hard palate of oral cavity
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31
Q

How do parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers affect secretion?

A

parasympathetic- increase secretion (thin and watery)

sympathetic- increase secretion of viscous mucus

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32
Q

Does maxillary nerve V2 synase at the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

NO. ‘‘provides sensory innervation but pass through ganglion without synpasing

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33
Q

Does the deep petrosal sympathetic fibers synmpase at pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

NO. pass through carrying sympathetics

cause vasoconstrictuion of arteries for nasal mucosa and palate

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34
Q

What synapses at the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

Parasympathetic fibers (greater petrosal CN 7)

NOT sympathetic fibers deep petrosal
NOT V2

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35
Q

What makes up the hard palate of the oral cavity?

A

palatine process of maxilla (ant 2/3)

horizontal plate of palatine bone (post 1/3)

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36
Q

What are the 3 foramen of the hard palate?

A

1 incisive fossa
- nasopalatine artery and nerve

2 greater palatine foramen (big)
- greater palatine artery and nerve

3 lesser palatine foramen (tiny)
- lesser palatine artery and nerve

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37
Q

What gland is in the hard palate and soft palate?

A

palatine glands (covered with mucus)

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38
Q

Does the hard palate contain muscles?

A

No

39
Q

What nerve innervates all soft palate muscles but 1?

A

pharyngeal plexus via vagus X

EXCEPT tensor veli palatini (V3)

40
Q

What is the only exception to vagus innervation in soft palate?

A

tensor vali palatini = V3

41
Q

Tensor veli palatini

A

innervation - V3

function: tenses soft palate, prevents flipping upwards during swallowing

42
Q

Levator veli palatini

A

Innervation: X
function: prime mover of palate (elevation)

43
Q

Musculus uvulae

A

innervation: X
function: forms uvulae, shorten uvula

44
Q

Palatoglosus

A

Innervation: X
Only glossus not 12

function: Forms palatoglossal arch, moves tongue and depresses arch

45
Q

Palatopharyngeus

A

innervation: X
function: Forms palatopharyngeal arch, raises pharynx and depresses arch

46
Q

What happens if there is a lesion to X in the soft palate?

A

roof of mouth should lift evenly

if pull up on one side, uvula will point AWAY from side with lesion

47
Q

Which muscles originate above the soft palate?

A

Tensor veli palatini

levator veli palatini

48
Q

Which muscles insert below the the soft palate?

A

Musculus uvulae

palatopharyngeus

49
Q

How is food prevented from going up nose?

A

levators lift and tensors tighten

50
Q

Why is the pterygoid hamulus significant?

A

tendon of tensor veli palatini muscle starts laterally and hooks around hamulus to tighten palate

51
Q

What muscle helps equilize pressure in ears?

A

levator veli palatini

more posterior push on ends of eustacian tube when swallowing

forces open- equalize pressure in middle ear

52
Q

Which muscle lifts the pharynx to narrow the tube to make sure food goes down?

A

palatopharyngeous

53
Q

What is the blood supply to the hard palate>

A

greater palatine artery
-branch of descending palatine artery

enter through greater palatine foramen and anastomoses with septal artery after greater palatine artery passes through incisive cnal

54
Q

What is the blood supply of the soft palate?

A

Lesser palatine artery

  • enter throgh lesser palatine foramen
  • ascending palatine artery (branch of facial)
55
Q

What is the blood supply to upper dentition molars ?

A

posterior superior alveolar artery

  • branch of V2
  • anastomose with infraorvital artery branches
56
Q

What is the blood supply to upper dentition premolars, incisors + canines?

A

middle and anterior superior alveolar arteries

-branches of infraorbital

middle = premolar
anterior = canine and incisors
57
Q

What nerve supplies the hard palate?

A

all nerve branches pass through PPG

  • sensory fibers from V2
  • post gang para from CN7
  • post gang symp from superior cervical
58
Q

What sensory nerves supply the hard palate>

A
  1. greater palatine
    - greater palatine foramen
  2. nasopalatine
    - incisive canal
59
Q

What nerves innervate the soft palate?

A

lesser palatine
-via lesser palatine foramen

pass through PPG so also has

  • sensory fibers from V2
  • post gang para from CN7
  • post gang symp from superior cervical

also some glossopharyngeal IX

60
Q

What nerve provides the sensory arc of the gag reflex?

A

glossopharyngeal IX

61
Q

What nerve supplies the upper teeth?

A

maxillary V2

62
Q

How is the tongue divided?

A

Ant 2/3 = oral part
post 1/3 = pharyngeal part

separated by V shaped groove = sulcus terminalis

63
Q

Where is the lingual tonsil?

A

pharyngeal part of tonue

64
Q

What is the foramen cecum?

A

deep depression at apex of sulcus terminalis separating oral and pharyngeal aspect of tongue

reminant of thyroid empbrylogical development

65
Q

What are the three folds of the tongue that attch it to the epiglottis?

A

2 lateral glossoepiglottic folds

1 median glossoepliglotti fold

66
Q

What is the vallecula?

A

depression between lateral and median glossoepiglottic folds

where food slides to push down epiglottis

67
Q

What innervates the intrinsic muslces of the tongue?

A

hypoglossal XII

change shape of tongue

all WITHIN tongue

1 vertical- flatten and broaden
2 transverse- narrows and increase height
3 superior longitudinal- curls apex up, pushes toward palate, turns protruded apex up to nose
4 inferior longitudinal- curls apex inferiorly (retract)

68
Q

What is the lingual artery always deep to?

A

hyoglossus muscle

69
Q

Why cant you swallow your tongue>

A

attached to geniotubricle

70
Q

What happens the genioglossus is broken?

A

side working will point to lesioned side when stick out tongue

71
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

1 genioglossus
2 hyoglossus
3 styloglossus
4 palatoglossus

72
Q

Genioglossus

A

XII

raises floor of oral cavity
pulls tongue forward (protrude)
wag
fan out

attached to genial tubrical on mandible

73
Q

Hyoglossus

A

XII

depresses and retracts tongue; tilts unilaterally

broad flat sheet- roll tongue- lingual atery

74
Q

styloglossus

A

XII

retracts tongue, pulls posteriorly and superiorurly (swallowing)

last swallow step

75
Q

Palatoglossus

A

X

narrows oropharynx during swallowing
“constricts isthmus of fauces”

76
Q

What 5 structures are on the inferior surface of the tongue?

A

1 lingual frenulum
-midline attach of tongue to floor of oral cavity

  1. fimbriated folds
    - serpentine folds lateral to lingual frenulum

3 sublingual folds
-floor of oral cavity with glands and duct

  1. sublingual papilla
    - elevation on side of lingual frenulum opening of submandibular ducts

5 root of tongue
-back of tongue with arteries and veins enter and leave

77
Q

Where do you measure temperature>

A

Sublingual vein and artery

78
Q

Where is 70% of secretion?

A

submanidbular gland through submandicular coruncle (1 on either side)

fluid under tongue

79
Q

Where does the submandibular duct run?

A

start deep surface of gland
forward between mylohyoid, myoglossus, genioglossus
between sublingual gland and genioglossus
open at sublingual caruncle next to frenulu,

80
Q

Where does lingual nerve CN7 go?

A

wraps around submandibular duct
starts lateral and goes medial under duct to more medial

sensory to ant 2/3 tongue

carries taste fibers from chorda tympani CN&

81
Q

Where do hypoglossal nerve go?

A

inerfior to lingual nerve

82
Q

What supplies blood to the tongue>

A

Lingual artery
branch of external carotid

comes off more posterior superficial to hyoglossus (behind)

83
Q

What are the 3 major branches of lingual artery?

A

dorsal lingual artery- posterior dorsum of tongue

deep lingual artery - ant portion tongue

sublingual - sublingual salivary gland

84
Q

What is the venous drainage of the tongue?

A

lingual veins
common facial vein
internal juglar vein

85
Q

What structures run lateral to hyoglossus muscle?

A

lingual nerve
hypoglossal n
submandibular duct

86
Q

What structure runs medial to hyoglossus msucle>

A

lingual artery

87
Q

What supplies motor innervation to the tongue?

A

All hypoglossal XII

except palatoglossus X

88
Q

What supplies sensory to ant 2/3 tongue?

A

General sensory: lingual V3

Taste: chorda tympany CN 7

89
Q

What supplies sensory to post 2/3 tongue?

A

General and taste: glossalpharyngeal IX

90
Q

What supplies taste to the base of the tongue?

A

X vagus

91
Q

What innervates submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

motor CN7 chorda tympany
synapses in submandibular ganglion
post gang continue in lingual nerve

symp post gang fro superior cervical gang travel with lingual artery

92
Q

How is parotid gland innervated?

A

GLOOAP

Glossopharyngeal nerve
via Lesser petrosal neve
through foramen ovale
synapses at Otic ganglion
post gang follow Auriculotemporal nerve
into parotid
93
Q

Sympathetic innervation of parotid gland?

A

symp post gang originate in superior cervical gang

travel with maxillary and superficial temporal artery to partotid

SHB (22 decks)

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