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SHB > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Platysma

A

Innervation: cervical branch of facial nerve 7
Origin: skin over lower neck and upper lateral chest
Insertion: with several muscles of facial expression into skin around the chin and mouth
Action: Depresses and wrinkles skin of lower face and mouth. Aids forced depression of mandible

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2
Q

Investing layer of dense connective tissue

A

a sleeve binding all strucrtures in the neck

surrounds sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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3
Q

Infrahyoid fascia

A

covering supra and infrahyoid muscles (strap muscles)

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4
Q

Stylohyoid

A

Origin: base of styloid process
Insertion: base of greater cornu of hyoid bone. wraps around intermediate tendon of digastric
Action: elevates and retracts hyoid bone. Aids swallowing and elevates larynx
Nerve: mandibular branch of facial nerve VII

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5
Q

Geniohyoid

A

Origin: inferior mental spine on posterior surface of symphysis menti
Insertion: superior border of body of hyoid bone
Action: elevatse and protracts hyoid bone. Depresses mandible.
Nerve: C1 fibers carried by hypoglossal nerve XII

deep to mylohyoid

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6
Q

thyrohyoid

A

Origin: oblique line of lamina of thyroid cartilage
Insertion: inferior border of body of hyoid bone
Action: elevates larynx or depresses hyoid bone
Nerve: C1 fibers carried by hypoglossal nerve XII

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7
Q

sternothyroid

A

Origin: medial posterior aspect of manubrium
Insertion: oblique line of lamina of thryoid cartilage
Action: depresses lyarnx
Nerve: anza cerivcalis C1,2,3

deep to sternohyoid and omohyoid

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8
Q

Omohyoid fibrous sling

A

omohyoid intermediate tendon that attaches to clavicle
divides omohyoid into superior and inferior bellies

Omohyoid:
Origin: suprascapular ligament and adjacent scapula
Insertion: inferior border of body of hyoid bone
Action: depresses hyoid bone and hence larynx
Nerve: ansa cervialis nerve C1,3,3

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9
Q

Digastric fascial sling

A

tendon divides digastric into anterior and posterior bellies

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10
Q

Digastric fascial sling

A

tendon divides digastric into anterior and posterior bellies

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11
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

A

SALFOP SuperT Max

superior thyroid 
ascending pharyngeal
lingual
facial
occipital
posterior auricular
superficial temporal
maxillary
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12
Q

What pierces the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

superior laryngeal artery (from superior thyroid) and internal laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal from vagus)

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13
Q

Where is the lingual artery?

A

Deep to hypoglosses muscle

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14
Q

Where is fascial artery?

A

deep to submandibular gland

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15
Q

What “holds” the occipital artery?

A

Held against the external cartid artery by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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16
Q

What “holds” the occipital artery?

A

Held against the external carotid artery by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) criss crossed

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17
Q

What are the three branches of the aortic arch?

A

1) brachiocephalic trunk
Gives right carotid common and right subclavian
2) left common carotid
3) left subclavian

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18
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A 
Anterior: ant med line
Posterior: SCM
Superior: inferior border of mandible
Apex: jugular notch
Roof: sub cut fascia and platysma
Floor: pharynx, larynx, thyroid
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19
Q

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

A

Anteroinferior: anterior belly of the digastric
Posteroinferior: posterior belly of the digastic
Superior: inferior border of the mandible

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20
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A

left and right borders: left and right anterior belly of the digastric muscles
Inferior: hyoid bone
floor: mylohyoid

only unpaired triangle

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21
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A

anteroinferior: superior bely of the omohyoid
anterosuperior: posterior belly of the digastric
posterior: SCM

22
Q

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

A

anterior: anterior median line
posteriorsuperior: superior bely of the omohyoid
posteroinferior: SCM

23
Q

What is in the submandibular triangle?

A

Submandibular gland
mylohyoid nerve V3
facial artery (deep to gland) and vein (superficial to gland)
lingual artery
lingual nerve V3 and submandibular ganglion
hypoglossal nerve XII

24
Q

What is in the submandibular triangle?

A

Submandibular gland
mylohyoid nerve V3
facial artery (deep to gland) and vein (superficial to gland)
lingual artery
lingual nerve V3 and submandibular ganglion
hypoglossal nerve XII

25
Q

What is the submental triangle?

A

Lymph nodes

small veins that unite to form anterior jugular vein

26
Q

What is in the carotid triangle?

A

Vagus nerve CN X (all viscera)
Spinal accessory nerve CN XI
Hypoglossal nerve XII
Cervical sympathetic trunk (chain)

27
Q

What is in the carotid sheath?

A

Vagus nerve CN X (all viscera)
Spinal accessory nerve CN XI
Hypoglossal nerve XII

Cervical sympathetic trunk (chain) behind sheath NOT inside it

28
Q

What is in the carotid sheath?

A

Vagus nerve CN X (all viscera)
Spinal accessory nerve CN XI
Hypoglossal nerve XII

Cervical sympathetic trunk (chain) behind sheath NOT inside it

29
Q

What are the important branches of the vagus nerve?

A 
Superior laryngeal (sensory only)
- internal laryngeal and external laryngeal

Recurrent laryngeal
- right (sensory only) and left

30
Q

What do the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves do?

A

Right- loops around subclavian artery in tracheoesophageal groove
motor innervation to all msucles of vocalization EXCEPT cricothyroid

Left- wraps around the arch of the aorta

31
Q

What nerve supplies all sympathetic innervation in the head?

A

Superior C1-C4 cervical sympathetic ganglia
Middle (C5-C6)
Inferior (C7-C8)

32
Q

What is Horner’s syndrome?

A

Result of interruption of the sympathetic chain in the neck

Ptosis of affected eyelid, miosis of the affected pupil, andhydrosis on affected side, redding of the skin of the face on affected side

33
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?

A

Posterior: first thoracic vertebra
Laterally: first ribs
Anteriorly: superior aspect of the sternum, (manubrum)

34
Q

What is in the superior thoracic aperture?

A 
apices of left and right lungs with pleurual coerings
subclavian arteries and veins 
vagus nerve
phrenic nerve
sympathetic chain
recurrent laryngeal n
thoracic duct
common carotid arteries
35
Q

what are the branches of the subclavian?

A

Related to anterior scalene

1st- medial to AS
2nd- posterior to AS
3rd- lateral to AS turns into axillary artery after crossing first rib

36
Q

VIT C and sometimes D

A 
Vertebral a
internal throacic a
thyrocervical trunk-(inf thyroid, transverse cervical, suprascapular, ascending cervical)
Costocervical trunk 
Dorsal scapular
37
Q

Where do lymphatics of the face and head drain?

A

Pericervical lymphatic collar

  • occipital nodes
  • postauricular nodes
  • preauricular nodes
  • buccal nodes
  • submandibular nodes
  • submental nodes

Eventually drain into deep cervical lymph nodes

empty into thoracic duct on the left and lymphatic duct on the right

38
Q

Where do lymphatics of the face and head drain?

A

Pericervical lymphatic collar

  • occipital nodes
  • postauricular nodes
  • preauricular nodes
  • buccal nodes
  • submandibular nodes
  • submental nodes

Eventually drain into deep cervical lymph nodes

empty into thoracic duct on the left and lymphatic duct on the right

39
Q

What is the thoracic duct?

A

Located on LEFT side only

receives drainage from entire body EXCEPT right head and neck, right upper extremity, right thorax

enters neck through superior thoracic aperture
drains where left subclavian vein meets left internal jugular vein

40
Q

What is the right lymphathic duct?

A

drainage for right head and neck, right upper extremity, right thorax

empties into right internal jugular or right subclavian vein

41
Q

Are the lungs in the neck?

A

Yes!
extend 1 inch above medial third of the clavicle
pleura is membranous covering of lung
cervical pleura = cupula

42
Q

Describe the structure of the thyroid

A

right and left lobe
midline isthmus
sometimes pyramidal lobe can be a small triangle gland tissue coming out of isthmus

touches inferior larynx and superior trachea anterolaterally

43
Q

Where did the pyramidal lobe come from?

A

remnant of embryological thyroglossal duct

if muscle fibers there called levator glandulae thyroidea

44
Q

What supplies blood to the thyroid?

A

superior and inferior thyroid artries

45
Q

What innervates the thyoid gland?

A

Sympathetics= middle cervical ganglion

Parasympathetics- laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve

46
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

2 pairs of 4

2 on each side in posterior aspect of thyroid gland

small and darker

47
Q

What does the parathyroid gland secrete?

A

parathyroid hormone- helps control calcium and phosphorous, bone growth and metabolism

calcium- most important
without PTH the nervous and muscular systems could not function properly

48
Q

What are the anterior group of prevertebral muscles?

A

anterior group

  • longus coli
  • longus capitis
  • recrus capitis anterior
  • anterior scalene
49
Q

What are the lateral group of prevertebral muscles?

A

Lateral group

  • rectus capitis lateralis
  • splenius capitis
  • levator scapulae
  • middle and posterior scalenes
50
Q

Where are the prevertebral muslces located?

A

deep to prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

directly posterior to the retropharyngeal space

51
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

2 pairs of 4

superior and inferior

2 on each side in posterior aspect of thyroid gland

small and darker

52
Q

Sternohyoid

A

Origin: superior lateral posterior aspect of manubrium
Insertion: inferior border of body of hyoid bone
Action: depresses hyoid bone and hence larynx
Nerve: ansa cervialis nerve C1,3,3

SHB (22 decks)

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