Quantitative Reasoning Probability and Statistics

Question 1

___ = Number of desired outcomes/Number of possible outcomes

Answer 1

probability

Question 2

So to find a probability for a single ___:

1. Figure out how many outcomes are possible overall
2. Figure out how many of the possible outcomes have the characteristic you’re looking for
3. Plug these numbers into the probability formula

Answer 2

event

Question 3

___ are those events for which the occurrence of one event eliminates the possibility of the occurrence of the other event (in other words, where the two events exclude each other). To find the probability that one or another of two mutually exclusive events will occur, you add the probabilities of the two events

Answer 3

mutually exclusive events

Question 4

Say that the ___ that the machine fills the box with all pennies is (1/2) and the probability that the machine fills the box with all dimes is (1/3). To calculate the probability that one or the other of these two events occurs, add their respective probabilities:
(1/2) + (1/3) = (5/6)
So the probability that the box contains all pennies or all dimes is (5/6)

Answer 4

probability

Question 5

There are 4 blue disks and 12 green disks. A total of 16.
There’s a (4/16) chance of getting a blue disk first if two are selected. Then a (12/15) chance of getting a green disk if two are selected because 16- 1 = 15, is the new total.
The ___ that the first disk selected is blue and the second is green is (1/4)x(12/15) = (1/5)

Answer 5

probability

Question 6

In the case of ___ A and B, the probability that events A and B both occur is equal to the probability that event A occurs multiplied by the probability that event B occurs

Answer 6

independent events

Question 7

P(E) means the ___ that event E occurs

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

Answer 7

probability

Question 8

To find the probability of event A and event B, find the probability that event A occurs and the ___ that B occurs given that event A occurs, then multiply the probability that event A occurs by the conditional probability that event B occurs given that Event A occurs (The same rule applies if you’re trying to figure out A and B and C

Answer 8

conditional probability