Chemistry Laboratory Techniques Flashcards
No eating or ___ in lab
drinking
Personal ___ involves the consistent use of safety goggles, a laboratory coat or apron, and closed-toed shoes in any laboratory environment
safety
Volatile or dangerous ___ should be handled in a hood, and a face mask or respirator may be needed as well
chemicals
All laboratories should have an eyewash station and shower station for rapid response to spills that ___ the eyes or skin
contact
Disposal of ___ waste should be done safely and appropriately, and containers should be set up for different types of waste
laboratory
Of the containers for waste, these include disposal ___ for solvents and excess chemicals, biohazards, and broken glassware
containers
___ refers to a measurement giving the actual value for the sample with a limited deviation
accuracy
___ is the repeatability of a set of measurements on the same sample
precision
___ and precision are determined by a combination of using the correct laboratory apparatus and using that apparatus properly
accuracy
Equipment that is calibrated generally has an acceptable temperature ___ and is specifically calibrated at one temperature (usually 25 degrees Celsius).
range
Glass is generally preferred for ___ applications because of its strength, inertness, transparency, and heat resistance
chemistry
Plasticware also has the ___ of being lightweight and difficult to break
benefit
Before using plasticware or rubber, check that no ___ solvents will be used because components of the plastic can leach into organic solvents and contaminate the experiment
organic
A large number of items in the laboratory are ___ because they are simply used for containing, mixing, and reacting without specifically measuring the experimental materials
uncalibrated
Non-calibrated glassware includes: ___, beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks, round-bottomed flasks, transfer (or Pasteur) pipets, watch glasses, bottles, jars and vials
test tubes
Test tubes are relatively ___ and allow a large number of samples to be arrayed in a rack for easy processing
small
___ are wide-mouthed cylinders with a lip to allow pouring
beakers
___ are tapered and therefore minimize accidental spills
erlenmeyer flasks
___ are used for reaction, heating, or vacuum applications
round-bottom flasks
A ___ is a round vacuum flask with a long neck that extends to the side
retort
An ___, also known as a separatory funnel, is a teardrop-shaped flask with a ground glass stopper at the top and a stopcock at the bottom
extraction flask
___ are often made of plastic and have an integral bulb at the top
transfer pipets
___ are made of glass with a long tapered tip and require a separate rubber pipet bulb
pasteur pipet
Bottles are ___ with narrow openings generally used to store reagents or samples
containers
Small ___ are called vials
bottles
___ are cylindrical containers with wide openings that may be sealed
jars
___ are used to contain vacuums
bell jars
Watch glasses, also known as evaporating dishes, are shallow ___ used as evaporating surfaces or to cover beakers
glass plates
Calibrated glassware should be used for any laboratory ___ that requires accuracy and precision
measurement
A ___ is a tall, narrow tube with volume markings increasing from bottom to top and a lip at the top for pouring
graduated cylinder
The ___ can be either concave or convex depending on the liquid being measured
liquid
No matter the shape of the ___, volume is always read at the meniscus in the middle of the cylinder
meniscus
A ___ is a long tube that is clamped in place vertically with a stopcock at the bottom
buret
Burets are especially useful when ___ are to be dispensed slowly or dropwise
liquids
A ___ is hand-held and controlled by a pipet bulb that maintains slight vacuum at the top of the pipet
graduated pipet
___ have a large bulge in the middle of the bulge and deliver a single established volume of liquid with great accuracy and precision
volumetric pipet
A ___ is used to make solutions that require a specific volume of liquid, such as molar solutions
volumetric flask
The ___ is an important piece of measurement equipment consisting of a glass probe and an electronic meter
ph meter
A ___ determines the acidity or basicity of a solution by comparing the voltage (electric potential) produced by the solution compared to the voltage of a known standard solution and uses the difference in voltage (the potential difference) between them to calculate the pH
pH meter
___ can also be used to quickly determine pH, although it is less accurate than a pH meter
litmus paper
___ (also called top-loading balances) are used when weights are in the milligram range and require accuracy to within plus or minus 0.5 mg
standard laboratory balances
Analytical balances have glass sides and sliding doors to protect against slight movements due to ___ and must be used with particular care
analytical balances
___ is a way for chemists to measure the energy content of a substance
calorimetry
In a simple ___, the fuel (the sample being measured) is ignited, heating up the surrounding air. That air heats surrounding water. Using the specific heat of the water, it is possible to measure the heat content and thereby calculate the internal energy of the sample
bomb calorimeter
