Chemistry Reaction Types Flashcards

1
Q

Combination reactions are ___ in which two or more reactants form one product

A

reactants

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2
Q

Combination ___ can occur when elements react to form compounds, such as during the formation of sulfur dioxide by burning sulfur

A

reactions

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3
Q

Combination reactions can also occur when two compounds react to forma new ___.
NH3 (g) + HCl (g) -> NH4 Cl (s)

A

compound

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4
Q

A ___ reaction is defined as one in which a compound breaks down into two or more substances, usually as a result of heating or electrolysis

A

decomposition reaction

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5
Q

___ is a specific process that causes the decomposition of a compound by passing an electric current through the reactant

A

electrolysis

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6
Q

A ___ reaction is the breakdown of mercury (II) oxide (the sign delta represents the addition of heat):
2HgO (s) -> delta 2 Hg (l) + O2 (g)

A

decomposition

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7
Q

Single-displacement ___ occur when an atom (or ion) of one compound is replaced by an atom of another element

A

reactions

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8
Q

Single-displacement reactions are often further classified as ___ reactions

A

redox

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9
Q

Because many ___, including some displacements, involve ions in solution, their net equations can also be written in ionic form

A

reactions

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10
Q

When ___ reactions occur, there are usually spectator ions that do not take part in the overall reaction but simply remain in solution throughout

A

displacement

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11
Q

Net ionic equations are important for demonstrating the actual ___ that occurs during a displacement reaction

A

reaction

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12
Q

In double-displacement reactions, also called ___, elements from two different compounds displace each other to form two new compounds

A

metathesis reactions

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13
Q

Metathesis reactions occur when one of the ___ is removed from the solution as a precipitate or gas, or when two of the original species combine to form a weak electrolyte that remains undissociated in solution

A

products

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14
Q

___ are a specific type of double displacement that occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce a solution of a salt and a water

A

neutralization reactions

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15
Q

A reaction that involves the transfer of electrons from one species to another is an ___ (redox) reaction

A

oxidation-reduction

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16
Q

Oxidation-reduction reaction scan be divided into two ___, oxidation (loss of electrons) and reduction (gain of electrons)

A

half-reactions

17
Q

The law of ___ states that an electrical charge can be neither created nor destroyed. Thus, an isolated loss or gain of electrons cannot occur; oxidation and reduction must occur simultaneously, resulting in an electron transfer called a redox reaction

A

conservation of charge

18
Q

An ___, or oxidant, causes another atom in a redox reaction to undergo oxidation and is itself reduced. A reducing agent, or reductant, causes the other atom to be reduced and is itself oxidized

A

oxidizing agent

19
Q

OIL RIG: ___ Is Loss of electrons, Reduction Is Gain of electrons

A

oxidation

20
Q

LEO the lion says GER: Loss of ___ is Oxidation, Gain of Electrons is Reduction

A

electrons

21
Q

LEORA says GEROA: Loss of Electrons is ___ (Reducing Agent), Gain of Electrons is Reduction (Oxidizing Agent)

A

oxidation

22
Q

___ are assigned to atoms to keep track of the redistribution of electrons during a chemical reaction

A

oxidation numbers

23
Q

From the oxidation numbers of the reactants and products, it is possible to determine how many ___ are gained or lost by each atom

A

electrons

24
Q

The ___ is the number of charges an atom would have in a molecule if electrons were completely transferred in the direction indicated by the difference in electronegativity

A

oxidation number

25
Q

Along the same lines, an ___ is said to be oxidized (loses electrons) if its oxidation number increases in a given reaction, and an element is said to be reduced (gains electrons) if the oxidation number of the element decreases in a given reaction

A

element

26
Q

The ___ of a free element (an element in its elemental state) is zero, irrespective of how complex the molecule is.
The oxidation number for a monatomic ion is equal to the charge of the ion.
The oxidation number of each Group IA element in a compound is +1. The oxidation of each Group IIA element in a compound is +2.
The oxidation number of each Group VIIA element in a compound is -1, except when combined with an element of higher electronegativity
The oxidation number of hydrogen is generally +1. However, the oxidation number can be -1 when H is placed with less electronegative elements (Groups IA and IIA).
In most compounds, the oxidation number of oxygen is -2. This is not the case, however in molecules such as OF2. Here, because F is more electronegative and has an oxidation state of -1, the oxidation number of oxygen is +2. Also, in peroxides such as BaO2, the oxidation number of O is -1 instead of -2 because of the structure of the peroxide ion, [O-O]2- (for confirmation, note that Ba, a Group IIA element, cannot be a +4 cation).

A

oxidation number

27
Q

The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms present in a neutral ___ is zero. The sum of the oxidation numbers of the atoms present in a polyatomic ion is equal to the charge of the ion.
Fluorine has an oxidation number of -1 in all compounds because it has the highest electronegativity of all the elements
Metallic elements have only positive oxidation numbers; however, nonmetallic elements may have a positive or negative oxidation number

A

compound

28
Q

The most common method for balancing ___ is the half-reaction method, also known as the ion-electron method, in which the equation is separated into two half-reactions - the oxidation part and the reduction part

A

redox reactions