Quality Management Knowledge Area Flashcards

1
Q

Define Quality Management

A

the processes for incorporating the organization’s policy, used by the project to ensure the deliverables meet the stakeholder’s objectives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

quality vs grade

A

quality is the ability for the item to do what it was designed to do; grade is a category used to label different products or services that compete to meet the same needs of the end user

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Prevention over inspection

A

Prevention is keeping errors out of the process; inspection is keeping errors out of the hands of the customer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(4) types of sampling

A

Attribute: pass/fail
Variance: testing with a range of acceptable results
Tolerance: specified range of acceptable results
Control Limits: boundaries of common variance outside the control limits would be special cause variance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

(5) Levels of Effective Quality Management

A
  1. Let the customer find the defects (most expensive)
  2. Detect and correct the defects before the deliverables are in the customer’s hands
  3. Use quality assurance to examine and correct the process itself, not just special defects
  4. Incorporate quality into the planning and designing of the project and product
  5. Create a culture throughout the organization that is aware and committed to quality processes and products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Three Quality Processes

A

PLAN: plan quality management, create the plan

DO: manage quality; asks the question, “are we doing the procedures, processes and actions we planned?”

CHECK/ACT: Control Quality; follow s the plan, checks deliverables and takes action to correct identified defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

(2) Costs of Quality

A

Conformance and Non-Conformance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(2) Costs associated with conformance quality

A

Prevention Costs and Appraisal Costs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(2) Costs associated with non-conformance quality

A

internal failure and external failure costs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define precision

A

the values of repeated measurements are clustered and have little scatter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define accuracy

A

the measured value is very close to the true value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cost Benefit Analysis

A

helps determine if the quality activities are cost effective, high quality results in the less rework, higher productivity, lower costs and increased profitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define mutually exclusive

A

two event can’t occur at the same time (if one event occurs, then the other event cannot occur)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define statistical independence

A

the occurrence of one event makes it neither more nor less probable that the other occurs; past coin flips of heads do not change the probability of the next coin flip being heads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define statistical sampling

A

choosing a small random sample, and the sample’s properties should represent the entire group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define control chart

A

displays process stability and performance

17
Q

Define Rule of 7

A

seven consecutive points on a control chart, all on one side of the mean, signifies the process is out of control

18
Q

Define Benchmarking

A

comparing your project/process to a known standard

19
Q

Define flowcharting

A

visual depiction of the process

20
Q

Define Design of Experiments

A

a statistical technique that analyzes several variations at once

21
Q

Pareto Chart

A

a type of chart containing both bars and a line graph, where individual values are represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line; 80/20 rule says 80% of problems are from 20% of the causes, and dictates you should focus most of your attention on those top few causes

22
Q

Scatter Diagram

A

plots data points to show the relationship between 2 variables (X,Y)

23
Q

Cause and Effect Diagram

A

shows how various factors might be linked to potential problems or effects (AKA Ishikawa and Fishbone)

24
Q

Kaizen Theory

A

Japanese word for continuous improvement ; uses Plan-Do-Act cycle

25
ISO
a quality management certification that requires documenting and following processes
26
W. Edwards Deming
quality theorist who developed 14 points of Quality Management; stated that poor quality is a result of management problems 85% of the time
27
Joseph Juran
quality theorist who defined quality as "fitness for use:; promoted conformance and quality by design; promoted the use of the 80/20 rule, developed management's responsibility
28
Philip Crosby
quality theorist who believe in conformance to requirements; zero defects; cost of quality
29
Inputs, T&Ts, Outputs of Plan Quality Management
Inputs: Project charter, project management plan, project documents, EEF/OPAs T&Ts: Expert judgment, data gathering, data analysis, decision making, data representation, test and inspection planning, meetings Outputs: Quality management plan, quality metrics, project management plan updates, project documents updates
30
Inputs, T&Ts, Outputs of Manage Quality
Inputs: project management plan, project documents, OPAs T&Ts: data gathering, data analysis, decision making, data representation, audits, Design for X, problem solving, quality improvement methods Outputs: quality reports, test and evaluation documents, project management plan updates, project documents updates
31
Inputs, T&Ts, Outputs of Control Quality
Inputs: project management plan, project documents, approved change requests, deliverables, work performance data, EEF/OPAs T&Ts: Data gathering, data analysis, inspection, testing/product evaluations, data representation, meetings Outputs: Quality control measurements, verified deliverables, work performance information, change requests, project management plan updates, project documents updates
32
Affinity Diagram
help organize potential causes of defects into groups showing areas that should be focused on the most
33
CMMI
Capability Maturity Model Integration Initial: Processes unpredictable, poorly controlled and reactive (chaos, rely on people only) Managed: Processes characterized for projects and is often reactive (every project is different) Defined: Processes characterized for the organization and is proactive (projects can tailor processes) Quantitatively Managed: Processes are measured and controlled (variance analysis with actions) Optimizing: Focus on process improvement
34
Quality Function Deployment
helps determine critical characteristics for new product development by focusing on the voice of the customer. The customer needs are then objectively sorted and prioritized, and goals set for achieving them.
35
Focus of the Kanban Method
four principles are visualizing work, limit work in progress, focus on flow and continuous improvement.