Quality

Question 1

What is the purpose of the quality theme in PRINCE2?

Answer 1

To ensure that the project’s products are fit for purpose, meeting business expectations and delivering the desired benefits.

Question 2

What are the consequences of poor quality management in a PRINCE2 project?

Answer 2

Underestimating or omitting quality management activities can lead to delays, excessive costs, or low-quality results.

Question 3

How does PRINCE2 define “quality”?

Answer 3

The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics of a product, service, process, person, organization, system, or resource meets requirements.

Question 4

What does “quality management” involve in PRINCE2?

Answer 4

Coordinated activities to direct and control an organization regarding quality.

Question 5

How does PRINCE2’s principle of product focus relate to quality?

Answer 5

Through systematic activities to define, control, and ensure the quality of project products.

Question 6

How are “customer quality expectations” captured in PRINCE2?

Answer 6

Through a specific statement in the project product description.

Question 7

What are “acceptance criteria” in PRINCE2?

Answer 7

A prioritized list of criteria that the project’s product must meet before customer acceptance.

Question 8

What is the role of “quality criteria” in PRINCE2?

Answer 8

To define quality specifications and measurements for project products used during inspections.

Question 9

What is the purpose of quality planning in PRINCE2?

Answer 9

To define project products with their respective quality criteria, quality methods, and quality responsibilities. The purpose is to achieve agreement on overall quality expectations, product quality criteria, means to achieve and assess quality, and ultimately acceptance criteria.

Question 10

Why is it important to communicate quality agreements to all project stakeholders?

Answer 10

To ensure that all stakeholders have a common understanding of what the project aims to achieve and to establish an effective baseline for project quality controls.

Question 11

What can happen if quality planning is neglected in a project?

Answer 11

It can lead to conflicting views among participants about the solution’s purpose, what constitutes a successful outcome, the approach to be taken, the extent of required work, roles, and people’s involvement.

Question 12

What are the main activities in quality control in PRINCE2?

Answer 12

To verify that products meet their quality criteria through inspections, testing, or reviews and identify ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance, such as introducing process improvements.

Question 13

How is quality control realized in PRINCE2?

Answer 13

By implementing, monitoring, and recording the methods and quality responsibilities defined in the quality management approach and product descriptions, and subsequently agreed upon in work packages.

Question 14

What is the difference between quality assurance and project assurance in PRINCE2?

Answer 14

Quality assurance ensures that project direction and management are adequate and conform to standards and is independent of the project. Project assurance is the responsibility of the project board to ensure the project is being conducted correctly and is independent of the project manager but not the project.

Question 15

What are the minimum requirements of PRINCE2 for quality management in a project?

Answer 15

Define a quality management approach, specify explicit quality criteria for products, maintain records of quality activities, specify customer quality expectations and prioritized acceptance criteria within the project, and use lessons learned to inform quality planning.

Question 16

What should the quality management approach cover in a PRINCE2 project?

Answer 16

It should include quality control, project assurance, communication of quality management throughout the project’s lifecycle, and roles and responsibilities for quality management.

Question 17

What is the importance of recording quality activities in PRINCE2?

Answer 17

It provides evidence that planned quality activities have been conducted and summarizes planned or conducted activities in a quality register.

Question 18

What are the two key products required by PRINCE2 for quality management?

Answer 18

The quality management approach, which describes how quality will be managed in the project, and the quality register, which summarizes all planned or conducted quality management activities.

Question 19

What does the quality register represent in a PRINCE2 project?

Answer 19

It is a record of planned and undertaken quality events, such as workshops, reviews, inspections, testing, pilots, acceptances, and audits. It is created during the project initiation process and updated throughout the project.

Question 20

When should the quality management approach be created and updated in PRINCE2?

Answer 20

It should be created during the project initiation process and reviewed and possibly updated at the end of each management stage.

Question 21

What does a quality management system in PRINCE2 encompass?

Answer 21

A comprehensive set of quality standards, procedures, and responsibilities for a specific organization or entity. It is typically the responsibility of a corporate body, program management team, or the customer organization.

Question 22

What are the quality responsibilities for Corporate, Programme Management, or Customer in PRINCE2?

Answer 22

Providing details of the quality management system and providing quality assurance.

Question 23

What are the key responsibilities of the Executive in terms of quality management in PRINCE2?

Answer 23

Approving the project product description, the quality management approach, and confirming acceptance of the project product.

Question 24

What is the role of the Senior User in quality management in PRINCE2?

Answer 24

Providing customer quality expectations and acceptance criteria, approving the project product description, the quality management approach, and key user product descriptions.

Question 25

What are the Project Manager’s responsibilities in quality management in PRINCE2?

Answer 25

Documenting customer quality expectations and acceptance criteria, preparing the project product description and the quality management approach, and ensuring that team managers implement quality control measures.

Question 26

Why is it important to identify internal and external quality management systems in a PRINCE2 project?

Answer 26

Because the project may need to adhere to specific quality management systems, especially if it involves multiple organizations or operates in a regulated environment.

Question 27

How should the quality management approach align with the chosen delivery method in a PRINCE2 project?

Answer 27

The quality management approach should support and integrate with the chosen delivery method, for example, an agile approach might require frequent quality checks that influence project planning and incremental delivery.

Question 28

How is the quality management approach determined in a project that is part of a program or portfolio?

Answer 28

The quality management approach is usually determined by the program or portfolio’s quality management approach, requiring only the documentation of specific approaches for the project.

Question 29

What is the role of independent quality assurance in a PRINCE2 project?

Answer 29

Independent quality assurance independently verifies that appropriate organization and processes are in place for quality planning and control, providing stakeholders with confidence that quality requirements can be met.

Question 30

When should customer quality expectations be agreed upon in a PRINCE2 project?

Answer 30

Customer quality expectations should be agreed upon at the beginning of the project initiation process and then refined for inclusion in the project product description.

Question 31

What elements should customer quality expectations cover in a PRINCE2 project?

Answer 31

Customer quality expectations should include key quality requirements for the project’s product, the standards and processes necessary to achieve those requirements, and any measurements useful for assessing whether the product meets quality requirements.

Question 32

How do customer quality expectations influence the PRINCE2 project?

Answer 32

Customer quality expectations drive the choice of the solution and impact the project’s time, cost, scope, benefits, and risk objectives.

Question 33

What is the difference between customer quality expectations and acceptance criteria in PRINCE2?

Answer 33

Customer quality expectations are often expressed in general terms to achieve a common understanding of quality requirements. These are then used to identify more detailed acceptance criteria, which should be specific and precise.

Question 34

Why is it important to prioritize customer quality expectations in PRINCE2?

Answer 34

Customer quality expectations should be prioritized as they are used as input to define quality tolerances for project products.

Question 35

When should customer quality expectations be reviewed in a PRINCE2 project?

Answer 35

Customer quality expectations should be reviewed at the end of each management stage to assess whether external factors have changed them.

Question 36

Why is it important to clarify quality responsibilities in a PRINCE2 project, especially in commercial situations?

Answer 36

It is crucial to define who is responsible for each aspect of quality to ensure that quality expectations are clear, acceptance criteria are defined, and methods for quality assurance and control are established, particularly in contractual agreements.

Question 37

What inspection and audit rights should be defined for the customer in a PRINCE2 project?

Answer 37

The customer’s rights in terms of what can be inspected or audited, the frequency, and the notice required for any inspection or audit should be defined.

Question 38

What are acceptance criteria in a PRINCE2 project, and how are they prioritized?

Answer 38

Acceptance criteria are measurable definitions of the characteristics required for stakeholder acceptance of products. They can include aspects such as ease of use, development costs, reliability, and security. These criteria can be prioritized based on their importance.

Question 39

What are proxy quality measures, and when are they used in PRINCE2?

Answer 39

Proxy quality measures are reliable and precise indicators used to assess whether benefits will be achieved. Examples include engineering standards for product durability or accelerated durability tests as proxy indicators.

Question 40

How should quality criteria be in product descriptions in PRINCE2?

Answer 40

Quality criteria should be specific and measurable. For example, instead of “the user interface looks nice,” a measurable criterion like “70% of users agree that the user interface is ‘easy to use’ or better” should be used.

Question 41

How are product quality tolerances defined in PRINCE2?

Answer 41

Quality tolerances for a product can be specified by defining an acceptable range of values. For example, the duration of a presentation could be 30 minutes (+/- 5 minutes) or a temperature maintained between 1-5°C.

Question 42

What are the typical quality responsibilities defined in PRINCE2 for a product?

Answer 42

Quality responsibilities include the Producer (responsible for developing the product), the Reviewer(s) (independent of the Producer, assess whether the product meets requirements), and the Approver(s) (qualified and authorized to approve the product as complete and fit for purpose).

Question 43

What does the level of detail in the quality register depend on in a PRINCE2 project?

Answer 43

The level of detail in the quality register depends on the extent to which quality metrics (such as defect counts) need to be analyzed for process improvement purposes.

Question 44

What are ‘in-process’ quality methods in PRINCE2?

Answer 44

‘In-process’ quality methods are means by which quality is built into products during their development. They can include the use of specialist methods, calibrated process controls, automation, pilot exercises, workshops, surveys, and consultations.

Question 45

What are the two main types of quality appraisal methods in PRINCE2?

Answer 45

The two main types are testing, when quality criteria are objectively quantifiable, and quality inspection, when professional judgment is required.

Question 46

What are quality inspections in PRINCE2, and when are they used?

Answer 46

A quality inspection is a systematic and structured assessment of a product, conducted in a planned, documented, and organized manner. It can be used during product development, at completion, for product approval, or in addition to testing.

Question 47

What is the purpose of quality records in a PRINCE2 project?

Answer 47

Quality records provide assurance that products are complete, have met quality criteria, and are fit for their intended purposes. They include information on completions, quality failures, corrective actions, process compliance, satisfaction of approval authorities, and audit outcomes.

Question 48

What should be included in quality records in PRINCE2?

Answer 48

They should include references to quality inspection documentation, details on defect statistics and corrective actions, and quality-related reports such as audit reports.

Question 49

What is an approval record in PRINCE2, and why is it important?

Answer 49

Even though quality records provide evidence that each product has met its requirements, it is good practice to obtain a record that the product has been formally approved. The format of approval records may vary depending on the level of formality required.

Question 50

What do acceptance records represent in PRINCE2?

Answer 50

Acceptance describes the final approval of the project’s product and may be required by multiple stakeholder groups. It is important to ensure that all forms of approval have been obtained and documented for audit or contractual purposes during project closure.

Question 51

What is the quality review technique recommended by PRINCE2?

Answer 51

PRINCE2 recommends a quality review technique that involves assessing a product’s compliance with quality criteria documented in its description, engaging stakeholders in the quality review of the product, and confirming that the product is complete and ready for approval.

Question 52

What are the objectives of the quality review technique in PRINCE2?

Answer 52

Objectives include evaluating the product’s compliance with quality criteria, involving stakeholders in quality control, confirming product completeness, and providing a baseline for future change control.

Question 53

What are the benefits of the quality review technique in PRINCE2?

Answer 53

Benefits include stakeholder engagement, team leadership, team building, individual development, consistent quality documentation, and promoting a culture of quality within the organization.

Question 54

What are the main roles in the quality review team in PRINCE2?

Answer 54

The roles include the Chair, responsible for conducting the review; the Presenter, who introduces the product and represents the producer; the Reviewers, who examine the product and confirm any corrections; and the Administrator, who provides administrative support and records the results and actions.

Question 55

What is the basic method for conducting a quality review in PRINCE2, and how are roles assigned?

Answer 55

The basic method for quality reviews in PRINCE2, ideal for simple checks like reviewing test results, involves only two participants: one who takes on both the Chair and Reviewer roles, and the other who acts as both Presenter and Administrator. This method allows for efficient reviews in scenarios with limited resources or for less complex tasks.

Question 56

What are the key tasks in preparing for a quality review in PRINCE2?

Answer 56

Tasks include administrative organization of the review, verifying product readiness, distributing copies of the product and product description to the review team, and collecting and consolidating reviewer questions.

Question 57

What elements should be included in the agenda for a quality review meeting in PRINCE2?

Answer 57

The agenda may include personal introductions, a brief product introduction, discussion of important/global questions, a talk-through of the product, confirmation of actions, determination of the review outcome, and closure of the review.

Question 58

What actions should be taken after a review?

Answer 58

After a PRINCE2 review, you should coordinate the actions, sign off individual actions, sign that the product is complete, communicate the quality review outcome, and store the quality records.

Question 59

What is the primary suggestion for reviewers during a review?

Answer 59

The primary suggestion for reviewers is to focus on reviewing the product, avoid personalizing issues, operate as a team, and refrain from introducing trivial details unless they are globally important.

Question 60

What is the role of the Chair in a review?

Answer 60

The role of the Chair in a PRINCE2 review is to ensure reviewers are well-prepared, maintain a steady pace during the product talk-through, resolve points raised without discussing solutions, and keep the discussion focused on the product.

Question 61

What is the role of the Approver in a PRINCE2 review?

Answer 61

The role of the Approver in a PRINCE2 review may include approving the product as part of the review if they participate in the quality review.