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Biomolecules > Qualitative Reactions of Lipids > Flashcards

Qualitative Reactions of Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

are biomolecules that are structurally poorer in oxygen but made up of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen like carbohydrates.

A

lipids

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2
Q

groups of structurally different molecules that
are amphipathic in nature of which the majority is hydrophobic, however each molecule contains a
polar region

A

lipids

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3
Q

A molecule with both a polar and non-polar parts

A

amphiphatic

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4
Q

strongly determines the structures these
molecules assume in nature.

what part of lipid

A

hydrophobic

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5
Q

functions of lipids

A

structure
energy
energy storage
signaling (steroids and eicosanoids)

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6
Q

The
bulk of the mass of lipid molecules in a mammalian system are those found structurally in

A

cellular membranes
triacyglycerides
cholesterol ethers

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7
Q

are a major component of cellular membranes and can be divided into classes based on their
headgroup and further into species based on the acyl group composition

A

phospholipids

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8
Q

Based on the structure of lipid’s backbone, they are divided into two groups;

A

complex lipids
simple lipids

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9
Q

are esters of fatty acids.

A

complex lipids

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10
Q

example of complex lipids

A

acylglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids and waxes, fatty acids

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11
Q

complex lipids are e covalently joined via an
ester linkage to (3)

A

trihydroxy alcohol
glycerol
or its derivative

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12
Q

s are the major component of most foods, typically making up more than 95 to 99% of
the total lipids present

A

trigylceride
triacylglycerols

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13
Q

are mostly solid at room temperature and could raise the
level of bad cholesterol (Low density lipoprotein or LDL) which may pose potential health
consequences.

A

saturated lipids

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14
Q

r, are either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated
which are both liquid at room temperature, but only the polyunsaturated lipids remain liquid even
when chilled

A

unsaturated lipids

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15
Q

remain liquid even
when chilled

A

polyunsaturated lipids

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16
Q

are considered most desirable as they help increase the good
cholesterol (High density lipoproteins or HDL) in our body

A

monounsaturated fats

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17
Q

on the other
hand, could lower the overall cholesterol level, but they also reduce the good cholesterol (HDL).

A

polyunsaturated fats

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18
Q

samples used (7)

A

olive oil
vegetable oil
canola oil
butter
milk
starch soln

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19
Q

what are prepared before lab? (3)

A

10% Ethanol solution of KOH
0.4% of Bromine water
Sudan IV (0.1%)

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20
Q

how is 10% ethanol solutio nof KOH prepared?

A

Weigh 10 g of KOH. Dissolve in 50 ml of ethanol and make the
volume to 100 ml.

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21
Q

how is 0.4% bromine water prepared?

A

Measure 0.4 ml of bromine and add 99.6 ml of water

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22
Q

how is Sudan IV (0.1%) prepared?

A

Weigh 100 mg of Sudan IV and dissolve in 100 ml of water

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23
Q

Equipment used for paper spot test

A

Whatman no.1 Filter paper

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24
Q

If the spot on the paper assumes a translucent appearance, that means the sample under
test is a ___

A

fat or oil

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25
Q

positive on spot test is

A

spot on the paper

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26
Q

solubility test reagents (9)

A

water
dilute acetic acid
dilute KOH
ethanol
benzene
ether
acetone
chloroform
carbon tetrachloride

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27
Q

for water, which of the samples are insoluble?

A

all

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28
Q

for dilute acetic acid, which is soluble for the samples?

A

partially soluble for milk

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29
Q

for dilute KOH, which is soluble for the samples?

A

milk (partially soluble)
and starch solution

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30
Q

for Ethanol, which samples are soluble?

A

Olive Oil (PS)
Vegetable Oil (PS)
Canola Oil (PS)
Butter (PS)
Milk (PS)

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31
Q

for Benzene, which samples are soluble?

A

OO
VO
CO
B

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32
Q

for Ether, which samples are soluble?

A

OO
VO
CO
B

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33
Q

for acetone, which samples are soluble

A

OO
VO
CO
B
M(PS)

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34
Q

for Chloroform, which is soluble?

A

OO
VO
CO
B
M (SS)

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35
Q

for Carbon tetrachloride, which samples are soluble

A

OO
VO
CO
B

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36
Q

classification of lipids based on composition

A

simple lipids
complex lipids
derived lipids

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37
Q

examples of simple lipids

A

fats, waves

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38
Q

examples of complex lipids

A

phospholipids
non-phosphorylated lipids
lipoproteins
sulfolipids

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39
Q

examples of derived lipids

A

isoprenoids
fat-soluble vitamins
steroids
ketone bodies
fatty acids

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40
Q

lipids based on function

A

storage
structure
signals, cofactor, and pigments

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41
Q

lipids for storage

A

fats, oils

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42
Q

lipids for structure

A

phospholipids
non-phosphorylated lpids

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43
Q

lipids as signals, cofactor, and pigments

A

phosphatylinositol
elcosanoids
steroid hormones
fat soluble vitamins

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44
Q

how many drops of sample on paper spot test

A

2 drops

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45
Q

when brought in contact with a substance like paper, penetrate through it, creating a transluscent spot

A

lipids

46
Q

are lipids non-volatile?

A

yes

47
Q

does not absorb enough heat to vaporize

A

spot of grease

48
Q

when liquid is inside the sheet of paper, it diffracts light causing what phenomenon

A

translucent

49
Q

how much solvent for the solubility test

A

5mL

50
Q

how many drops of sample for solubility test

A

2-3 drops

51
Q

Take ___ ml of distilled water, add a ____drops of emulsifier (bile salt) and the same
amount of sample in a test tube.

A

5 mL
2-3 drops
2-3 drops sample

52
Q

lipid is dispersed in a form of ___ i.e. fats

A

micelles

53
Q

This is brought about as a result of the lowering
of the surface tension between fat and water.

A

micelles

54
Q

The bile salts or other substances that bring
about emulsification are referred to as

A

emulsifiers

55
Q

yellowish brown or green fluid produced in the liver and stored in gallbladder

A

bile

56
Q

acts like soaps and other emulsifiers; they contain both polar and nonpolar region, helping to break fats in foods into smaller pieces, allowing them to be hydrolyzed more easily

A

bile salts

57
Q

lowers the surface tension of oil with water

A

bile salts

58
Q

this test involves mixing a lipid sample with water and an emulsifying agent (bile salt). If an emulsion form (a milk appearance), it is positive for the presence of lipids. This test specifically confirms that a sample lipid contains oil due to their ability to form emulsion when mixed with water.

A

emulsification test

59
Q

– this test is a color reaction test that shows the presence of lipids. When a lipid sample is mixed with Sudan IV stain, a positive indication of red coloration appears. With the help of a microscope, oil droplets that are stained prove that the stain is very specific for lipids.

A

sudan IV test

60
Q

This test is used to identify between saturated and unsaturated lipids. Unsaturated lipids react with bromine water having decolorization of bromine (due to presence of carbon-carbon double bonds).

A

bromine test

61
Q

sudan IV test

Take a few ml of ___water in a test tube and add a drop or two of the sample to it.

Place a small drop of this emulsion on a micro slide and add to it a little bit ___ ___
stain, mix and put a cover glass

A

distilled
Sudan IV

62
Q

positives for sudan IV test

A

all except starch solution and milk

63
Q

positives for emulsification test

A

all except starch solution (can but need bile salt)

64
Q

. Take a few ml of ___ in a test tube and add a few drops of sample to it

bromine test

A

ethanol

65
Q

. To this add a few drops of ___% ___water drop by drop.

bromine test

A

0.4 bromine

66
Q

The intensity of the colour developed corresponds to the degree of

A

unsaturation

67
Q

If the
same test is performed with _______ no colour will be developed, as it is a saturated
aci

A

aceticacid

68
Q

Take ___ ml of chloroform in a test tube and dissolve a pinch of the sample in it

Liebermann-Buchard test

A

2 mL

69
Q

To this add at first ___ drops of ____ ____and then a drop or two of concentrated
___from the sides of the test tube.

A

8-10 drops
acetic anhydride
h2so4

70
Q

which uses acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid as reagents, that gives a characteristic green color in the presence of cholesterol

A

Lieberman-Buchard test

71
Q

This color is due to the –OH group of cholesterol and the unsaturation found in the adjacent fused ring.

A

green color

72
Q

liebermann buchard test will be positive in what

A

butter

73
Q

Refers to both true and fat-like substances. These are biomolecules that are insoluble in water but are soluble in organic solvents.

A

lipid

74
Q

The ___ insolubility is due to the fact that the polar portion of their molecule is much smaller than the non-polar portion.​

A

water

75
Q

Important function of lipids is t the

A

storage of energy in form of body pfat

76
Q

one of the building blocks of lipids,

A

fatty acids

77
Q

which part of the lipid bilayer is hydrophilic

A

polar head

78
Q

which part of lipid bilayer is hydrophobic

A

nonpolar tails

79
Q

Helps us determine the presence or absence of lipid, depending upon the color change.​

A

qualitative analysis of lipid

80
Q

The qualitative analysis of lipid is an analytical method that detects​

lipids by the characteristic change in sample’s color.​

A

qualitative analysis of lipid

81
Q

lipid test

A

paper spot test
solubility test
emulsification test
sudan IV test
bromine test
liebermann-buchard test

82
Q

A preliminary test for the lipids, which is characterized by a translucent and greasy spot.​

A

paper spot test

83
Q

The ___ will not wet the filter paper, unlike water.​

A

lipid

84
Q

The lipids will form a ___ ue to their greasy texture, and penetrate the filter paper.

A

greasy/transparent spot

85
Q

Confirms the presence of fats in the given sample.​

A

paper spot test

86
Q
  • Like water, the lipids soak into the paper fibers, but the ___ spot evaporates much slowly than water
A

lipid

87
Q

forces that hold the lipid molecules together are stronger/weaker than those in water molecules)

A

stronger

88
Q

What property of lipids is detected by paper spot test?

A

Lipids are oily or greasy nonpolar molecules​

89
Q

It is the preliminary test that detects the presence of all lipids.​

A

solubility

90
Q

detects lipid solubility in various solvents to check whether it is miscible of immiscible in polar or non-polar solvents.​

A

solubility test

91
Q

Lipids are readily miscible in ___ solvents​

A

non polar

92
Q

is the property of two substances to completely mix to form a homogenous solution.​

A

miscibility

93
Q

s the property of two substances that do not completely mix to form solution.​

A

immiscibility

94
Q

VO solubility test on

water
methylene chloride
ether
toluene

A

water -
methylene chloride +
ether +
toluene +

95
Q

lecithin test on solublity

water
methylene chloride
ether
toluene

A

w - slightly mixed
mc - +
e +
toluene +

96
Q

test is used to detect the presence of lipid in a solution.​

The principle of lipid binding and solubility in non-polar compounds underpins this test.​

A

Sudan IV test

97
Q

is used to detect the presence of lipids.​
It is a procedure that uses emulsifying agents to stabilize a water-oil emulsion.

A

emuslification trest

98
Q

mulsify lipids, causing them to appear as tiny droplets suspended in the solution.​

A

emulsifying agents

99
Q

It is a qualitative test used to detect the unsaturated fatty acids or double bond in a lipid sample.​

A

bromine water test

100
Q

are found in the structure of unsaturated fatty acids​

A

double bonds

101
Q

If no change in color—it is a __

bromine test

A

saturated lipid

102
Q

If it becomes colorless— it is ___ lipid​

bromine test

A

unsaturated

103
Q

To detect the presence of cholesterol.​

A

liebermann buchard test

104
Q

reacts with the strong concentrated acid, i.e. sulphuric acid and acetic anhydride.

A

cholesterol

105
Q

act as a dehydrating and oxidizing agent in Liebermann Buchard test

A

Sulfuric acid
acetic anhydride

106
Q

indicates cholesterol in a sample by giving​

bluish-green colour to the solution.​

what result

A

positive test

107
Q

It is a chemical test used to the presence of amino acids, peptides, and proteins​

A

ninhydrin test

108
Q

This test involves the addition of ninhydrin reagent to the test sample that results in the formation of deep blue color, often termed as Ruhemann’s purple.​

A

ninhydrin test

109
Q

deep blue color formation in ninhydrin test

A

Ruhemann’s purple

110
Q

: ___ and ___reaction products positively identify free amino groups on amino acids and proteins.​

A

blue purple
yellow

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