Q4: Transport & Circulation Flashcards
An orderly movement through a circuit.
circulation
The movement of blood through the vessels of the body induced by the pumping action of the heart.
circulation
2 Adaptations for distributing essential elements
- Gastrovascular Cavity
- Circulatory System
It is a digestive system with only one opening that serves as mouth and anus of the animal.
gastrovascular cavity
A gastrovascular cavity is found only in certain invertebrates, including ____________ and _______________.
- cnidarians
- flatworms
True or False
A gastrovascular cavity has two openings while an alimentary canal has one.
False
It is an organ system that moves the circulatory fluid, which carries essential elements and wastes, throughout the body.
circulatory system
Parts of a Circulatory System
- circulatory fluid
- A set of interconnecting vessels
- Muscular pump (heart)
Types of circulatory systems
- Open Circulatory System
- Close Circulatory System
It means situated within but not restricted to or characteristic of a particular organ or tissue.
interstitial
What is the circulatory fluid in an open circulatory system called?
hemolymph
These are spaces surrounding the organs, where chemical exchange occurs.
sinuses
True or False
In an open circulatory system, body movements periodically squeeze the sinuses, helping circulate the hemolymph.
true
The term for the circulatory fluid in a close circulatory system.
blood
It pumps blood into large vessels that branch into smaller ones that infiltrate the organs.
heart
A close circulatory system is often called as ______________________.
cardiovascular system
Two types of organizations of a closed Circulatory System
- single circulation
- double circulation
It is when blood flows through the heart only once during each complete circuit around the body.
single circulation
It is when blood flows through the heart twice during each complete circuit around the body.
double circulation
What is the percentage of plasma in human blood?
55%
What are the constituents of plasma?
- water
- ions
- plasma proteins
- susbtance transported by blood
What are the three types of cell found in blood?
- Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
- Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Two specialized sets of stem cells responsible for the production and function of the various types of blood cells found in the body.
- lymphoid stem cells
- myeloid stem cells
It is the loss of water from leaves (mostly through stomata) which creates a force within leaves that pulls xylem sap upwards.
transpiration
Its sap can flow both ways between shoots and roots. It moves from sugar production or storage to sites of sugar use or storage.
phloem
Movement of water and minerals in the xylem.
upwards
Major compartments of plants
- apoplast
- Symplast
It consists of everything external to the plasma membranes of living cells and includes cell walls, extracellular spaces, and the interior of dead cells such as vessel elements and tracheid.
apoplast
It consists of the entire mass of cytosol of all the living cells in a plant, as well as the plasmodesmata, the cytoplasmic channels that interconnect them.
symplast
3 routes for short distance transport
- apoplastic route
- symplastic route
- transmembrane route
These are small channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allowing for the transport of molecules and ions between cells.
plasmodesmata
It refers to the movement of substances through the non-living components of plant tissues, such as cell walls, intercellular spaces, and xylem vessels.
apoplastic route
The movement of substances through the living components of plant tissues, specifically the cytoplasm of interconnected cells via plasmodesmata.
symplastic route
The movement of substances across cell membranes.
transmembrane route
The movement of liquid in response to a pressure gradient.
bulk flow
True or False
Long-distance transport occurs through bulk flow.
True
True or False
Bulk flow depends on the concentration gradient.
False
pressure gradient
