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General Biology 2 > Q4: Transport & Circulation > Flashcards

Q4: Transport & Circulation Flashcards

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1
Q

An orderly movement through a circuit.

A

circulation

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2
Q

The movement of blood through the vessels of the body induced by the pumping action of the heart.

A

circulation

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3
Q

2 Adaptations for distributing essential elements

A
  • Gastrovascular Cavity
  • Circulatory System
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4
Q

It is a digestive system with only one opening that serves as mouth and anus of the animal.

A

gastrovascular cavity

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5
Q

A gastrovascular cavity is found only in certain invertebrates, including ____________ and _______________.

A
  • cnidarians
  • flatworms
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6
Q

True or False

A gastrovascular cavity has two openings while an alimentary canal has one.

A

False

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7
Q

It is an organ system that moves the circulatory fluid, which carries essential elements and wastes, throughout the body.

A

circulatory system

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8
Q

Parts of a Circulatory System

A
  • circulatory fluid
  • A set of interconnecting vessels
  • Muscular pump (heart)
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9
Q

Types of circulatory systems

A
  • Open Circulatory System
  • Close Circulatory System
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10
Q

It means situated within but not restricted to or characteristic of a particular organ or tissue.

A

interstitial

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11
Q

What is the circulatory fluid in an open circulatory system called?

A

hemolymph

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12
Q

These are spaces surrounding the organs, where chemical exchange occurs.

A

sinuses

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13
Q

True or False

In an open circulatory system, body movements periodically squeeze the sinuses, helping circulate the hemolymph.

A

true

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14
Q

The term for the circulatory fluid in a close circulatory system.

A

blood

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15
Q

It pumps blood into large vessels that branch into smaller ones that infiltrate the organs.

A

heart

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16
Q

A close circulatory system is often called as ______________________.

A

cardiovascular system

17
Q

Two types of organizations of a closed Circulatory System

A
  • single circulation
  • double circulation
18
Q

It is when blood flows through the heart only once during each complete circuit around the body.

A

single circulation

19
Q

It is when blood flows through the heart twice during each complete circuit around the body.

A

double circulation

20
Q

What is the percentage of plasma in human blood?

A

55%

21
Q

What are the constituents of plasma?

A
  • water
  • ions
  • plasma proteins
  • susbtance transported by blood
22
Q

What are the three types of cell found in blood?

A
  • Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
  • White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
  • Platelets (Thrombocytes)
23
Q

Two specialized sets of stem cells responsible for the production and function of the various types of blood cells found in the body.

A
  • lymphoid stem cells
  • myeloid stem cells
24
Q

It is the loss of water from leaves (mostly through stomata) which creates a force within leaves that pulls xylem sap upwards.

A

transpiration

25
Q

Its sap can flow both ways between shoots and roots. It moves from sugar production or storage to sites of sugar use or storage.

A

phloem

26
Q

Movement of water and minerals in the xylem.

A

upwards

27
Q

Major compartments of plants

A
  • apoplast
  • Symplast
28
Q

It consists of everything external to the plasma membranes of living cells and includes cell walls, extracellular spaces, and the interior of dead cells such as vessel elements and tracheid.

A

apoplast

29
Q

It consists of the entire mass of cytosol of all the living cells in a plant, as well as the plasmodesmata, the cytoplasmic channels that interconnect them.

A

symplast

30
Q

3 routes for short distance transport

A
  • apoplastic route
  • symplastic route
  • transmembrane route
31
Q

These are small channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allowing for the transport of molecules and ions between cells.

A

plasmodesmata

32
Q

It refers to the movement of substances through the non-living components of plant tissues, such as cell walls, intercellular spaces, and xylem vessels.

A

apoplastic route

33
Q

The movement of substances through the living components of plant tissues, specifically the cytoplasm of interconnected cells via plasmodesmata.

A

symplastic route

34
Q

The movement of substances across cell membranes.

A

transmembrane route

35
Q

The movement of liquid in response to a pressure gradient.

A

bulk flow

36
Q

True or False

Long-distance transport occurs through bulk flow.

A

True

37
Q

True or False

Bulk flow depends on the concentration gradient.

A

False

pressure gradient

General Biology 2 (18 decks)

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