Q3: Evidences of Evolution

Question 1

two types of evolution based on scale:

Answer 1

• macroevolution
• microevolution

Question 2

It refers to large-scale changes that occur over extended time periods, such as the formation of new species and groups.

Answer 2

macroevolution

Question 3

It refers to small-scale changes that affect just one or a few genes and happen in populations over shorter timescales.

Answer 3

microevolution

Question 4

True or False

Microevolution and macroevolution are the same process, occurring on different timescales.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Types of features/traits based on anatomy and embryology

Answer 5

• homologous features
• analogous features

Question 6

These are traits that have a similar structure and embryonic origin in different organisms, suggesting that they evolved from a common ancestor.

Answer 6

homologous traits

Question 7

These are physical traits/features shared due to evolutionary history.

Answer 7

homologous features

Question 8

All vertebrate embryos (including humans) have ________ and a ________ during early development.

Answer 8

• gill slits
• tail

Question 9

They reflect that the developmental programs of vertebrates are variations on a similar plan that existed in their last common ancestor.

Answer 9

Homologous embryonic structures

Question 10

These are anatomical features in organisms that have lost or reduced their original function in the course of evolution.

Answer 10

Vestige/Vestigial Structures

Question 11

This muscle is believed to have had a role in the grip and dexterity of our primate ancestors, but it has lost much of its function in humans.

Answer 11

palmaris longus

Question 12

A primitive reflex that is commonly seen in infants.

Answer 12

palmar grasp reflex

Question 13

It is a small fold of tissue located in the inner corner of the eye, next to the tear duct. It is a vestigial remnant of the nictitating membrane, also known as the third eyelid, which is present in many animals but has been reduced or lost in humans and some other primates.

Answer 13

plica semilunaris

Question 14

These are traits that have a similar function or appearance in different organisms, but different evolutionary origins.

Answer 14

analogous traits

Question 15

These are similar features that have evolved independently in different organisms because the organisms lived in similar environments or experienced similar selective pressures/natural selection.

Answer 15

analogous features

Question 16

True or False

Analogous features may have evolved independently in different lineages due to divergent evolution.

Answer 16

False

convergent evolution

Question 17

At the most basic level, all living organisms share:

Answer 17

• same DNA
• same genetic codes
• same gene expression
• same amino acids

Question 18

Sequences of related genes found in different species.

Answer 18

homologous genes

Question 19

True or False

Two species have the “same” gene because they inherited it from a common ancestor.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The study of the distribution of organisms around the world.

Answer 20

biogeography

Question 21

They show a progression of evolution through their preserved remains of previously living organisms or their traces, dating from the distant past.

Answer 21

fossils

Question 22

Evidences of evolution

Answer 22

• anatomy and embryology
• molecular biology
• biogeography
• fossil record