Q3: Systematics & Phylogeny Flashcards
A scientific field used to organize and classify organisms based on evolutionary relationships.
systematics
True or False
By combining data/evidences from many sources, scientists can put together the phylogeny of an organism.
True
Evidences for systematics, or creating phylogenies:
- morphological homologies
- molecular homologies
Techniques in segregating morphological homologies:
- Paleontology
- Comparative Anatomy
- Comparative Embryology
The technique in segrating molecular homologies.
molecular genetics
A biological classification system that involves the categorization of organisms based on shared traits.
cladistics
A group of species which includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants.
clades
Types of phyletic groupings
- monophyletic
- paraphyletic
- polyphyletic
It is a diagram used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms.
phylogenetic tree
A scientifically classified group or entity.
taxon
Part of the diagram where a single lineage evolved into a distinct one.
branch point
A lineage that evolved early from the root and remains unbranched.
basal taxa
This is when two lineages stem from the same branch point.
sister taxa
A branch with more than two lineages.
polytomy
Base part of the phylogenetic tree.
root
True or False
A phylogenetic tree shows phenotypic similarity.
False
The study of the general principles of scientific classification.
taxonomy
It is a hierarchical system devised by Carolus Linnaeus where organisms are grouped into ever more inclusive categories from species up to kingdom.
taxonomic system
It is the category higher than the kingdom which was proposed by Carl Woese.
domain
The two-part format of the scientific name instituted in the 18th century by Carolus Linnaeus.
binomial nomenclature
Parts of a binomial nomenclature
- name of genus (genera)
- specific epithet
What type of phyletic group consists of multiple species and their common ancestor?
monophyletic
What type of phyletic group includes a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants?
paraphyletic
What type of phyletic group consists of species that do not share a common ancestor?
polyphyletic
