Q3: Systematics & Phylogeny

Question 1

A scientific field used to organize and classify organisms based on evolutionary relationships.

Answer 1

systematics

Question 2

True or False

By combining data/evidences from many sources, scientists can put together the phylogeny of an organism.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Evidences for systematics, or creating phylogenies:

Answer 3

• morphological homologies
• molecular homologies

Question 4

Techniques in segregating morphological homologies:

Answer 4

• Paleontology
• Comparative Anatomy
• Comparative Embryology

Question 5

The technique in segrating molecular homologies.

Answer 5

molecular genetics

Question 6

A biological classification system that involves the categorization of organisms based on shared traits.

Answer 6

cladistics

Question 7

A group of species which includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants.

Answer 7

clades

Question 8

Types of phyletic groupings

Answer 8

• monophyletic
• paraphyletic
• polyphyletic

Question 9

It is a diagram used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms.

Answer 9

phylogenetic tree

Question 10

A scientifically classified group or entity.

Answer 10

taxon

Question 11

Part of the diagram where a single lineage evolved into a distinct one.

Answer 11

branch point

Question 12

A lineage that evolved early from the root and remains unbranched.

Answer 12

basal taxa

Question 13

This is when two lineages stem from the same branch point.

Answer 13

sister taxa

Question 14

A branch with more than two lineages.

Answer 14

polytomy

Question 15

Base part of the phylogenetic tree.

Answer 15

root

Question 16

True or False

A phylogenetic tree shows phenotypic similarity.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

The study of the general principles of scientific classification.

Answer 17

taxonomy

Question 18

It is a hierarchical system devised by Carolus Linnaeus where organisms are grouped into ever more inclusive categories from species up to kingdom.

Answer 18

taxonomic system

Question 19

It is the category higher than the kingdom which was proposed by Carl Woese.

Answer 19

domain

Question 20

The two-part format of the scientific name instituted in the 18th century by Carolus Linnaeus.

Answer 20

binomial nomenclature

Question 21

Parts of a binomial nomenclature

Answer 21

• name of genus (genera)
• specific epithet

Question 22

What type of phyletic group consists of multiple species and their common ancestor?

Answer 22

monophyletic

Question 23

What type of phyletic group includes a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants?

Answer 23

paraphyletic

Question 24

What type of phyletic group consists of species that do not share a common ancestor?

Answer 24

polyphyletic