Q4: Regulation of Bodily Fluids

Question 1

The process by which animals rid themselves of waste products and of the nitrogenous by-products of metabolism.

Answer 1

excretion

Question 2

True or False

Excretion allows organisms to control osmotic pressure—the balance between inorganic ions and water—and maintain acid-base balance.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False

Excretion prevents homeostasis.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

It is the constancy of the organism’s internal environment.

Answer 4

homeostasis

Question 5

It is the process of maintenance of salt and water balance (osmotic balance) across membranes within the body’s fluids, which are composed of water, plus electrolytes and non-electrolytes.

Answer 5

osmoregulation

Question 6

A solute that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water.

Answer 6

electrolyte

Question 7

A solute that doesn’t dissociate into ions during water dissolution.

Answer 7

non-electrolyte

Question 8

A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.

Answer 8

osmosis

Question 9

Types of wastes

Answer 9

• metabolic wastes
• non-metabolic wastes

Question 10

It is usually not classified as a waste product, should be classified as such because it is a by-product of metabolic activity and must be eliminated to avoid harmful elevation of body temperatures in warm-blooded animals.

Answer 10

heat

Question 11

Metabolic wastes may be separated into:

Answer 11

• solids
• liquids
• gases
• heat

Question 12

Wastes that are mainly materials that, by virtue of their chemical makeup, are indigestible or unusable by an organism.

Answer 12

non-metabolic wastes

Question 13

different ways of excreting wastes for animals

Answer 13

• Alimentary Canal/Gastrointestinal tract
• Respiratory System
• Urinary Tract/Excretory system

Question 14

Two ways an animal can maintain water balance (osmoregulatory mechanisms)

Answer 14

• Osmoconformer
• Osmoregulator

Question 15

To be isosmotic with its surroundings, i.e., to have the internal osmolarity the same as that of its environment.

Answer 15

osmoconformer

Question 16

To control internal osmolarity independent of that of the external environment.

Answer 16

osmoregulator

Question 17

Types of Animal Nitrogenous By-products

Answer 17

• ammonia (aquatic animals)
• urea (mammals, amphibians, etc.)
• uric acid (reptiles, birds, insects, etc.)

Question 18

Animals that excrete nitrogenous wastes as ____________ need access to lots of water because it can be tolerated only at very low concentrations.

Answer 18

ammonia

Question 19

The product of a metabolic cycle that combines ammonia with carbon dioxide in the liver.

Answer 19

urea

Question 20

Insects, land snails, and many reptiles, including birds, excrete this as their primary nitrogenous waste.

Answer 20

uric acid

Question 21

It can be excreted as a semisolid paste with very little water loss.

Answer 21

uric acid

Question 22

Excretory process

Answer 22

1. filtration
2. reabsorption
3. secretion
4. excretion

Question 23

A passage where water is transported from the root to all areas of the plant.

Answer 23

transpiration stream

Question 24

Factors that play a role in pushing water up the transpiration stream:

Answer 24

• root pressure
• capillarity
• transpiration pull

Question 25

This factor is brought about by osmosis and the unequal concentration of water across the plant. Osmosis will occur up the plant until there is an equal concentration.

Answer 25

root pressure

Question 26

The force of attraction between two different particles.

Answer 26

adhesion

Question 27

This is due to adhesion when water passes up the thin xylem tubes, adhering to its surface area, while the force of osmosis gently pushes the water molecules to their desired location

Answer 27

capillarity

Question 28

The major force that allows water to be transported throughout a plant.

Answer 28

transpiration pull

Question 29

Water is transpired by a plant via ____________, which means water concentration in these areas will be especially low.

Answer 29

stomata

Question 30

Evolutionary Adaptations for Water Retention

Answer 30

• curving of leaves
• hairy stomata
• lower frequency of stomata

Question 31

Due to this adaptation, the water transpired remains in close contact with the leaf. The result is a high concentration of water adjacent to the leaf surface, which will move across the concentration gradient of water back into the plant.

Answer 31

curving of leaves

Question 32

This adaptation allows water molecules stick to these structure, due to the adhesive attraction between the two structures.

Answer 32

hairy stomata

Question 33

True or False

Fewer stomata across a plant means less opportunity for water to escape.

Answer 33

True