Q3: Evolutionary Thought

Question 1

It is the recognition that species change over time and the perceived understanding of how such processes work.

Answer 1

evolution thought

Question 2

Ages of evolutionary thought

Answer 2

• Antiquity
• Middle Ages
• Early Modern Thought
• Darwinism and Neo-darwinism

Question 3

He claimed that life had originally developed in the sea and only later moved onto land.

Answer 3

Anaximander

Question 4

He discussed a non-supernatural origin for living things.

Answer 4

Empedocles

Question 5

He formulated the Theory of Forms; all potential life forms being present in a perfect creation.

Answer 5

Plato

Question 6

He had written four books about his research in the natural history on the isle of Lesbo, resulting to the development of scala naturae “Ladder of life or Chain of Being.”

Answer 6

Aristotle

Question 7

It is based on complexity of structure and function, with organisms that showed greater vitality and ability to move described as “higher organisms”

Answer 7

scala naturae

Ladder of life or Chain of Being

Question 8

It explicitly denied the fixity of biological species.

Answer 8

Taoism

Question 9

He wrote the poem “On the Nature of Things” (De rerum natura), describing the development of the living earth in stages.

Answer 9

Titus Lucretius Carus

Question 10

An evolutionary thought that combined Aristotlean classification with Plato’s ideas of the goodness of God.

Answer 10

Christian Thought

Question 11

He considered the effects of the environment on the likelihood of an animal to survive and evolve, and first described the struggle for existence.

Answer 11

Al-Jahiz

Question 12

Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity

Answer 12

The Epistles of Ikhwan al-Safa

Question 13

Greek and Roman evolutionary ideas molded the early theories on evolution and natural selection known as _____________________________.

Answer 13

Mohammedan theory of evolution

Question 14

He stated that the “germs” of all things have always exised and contains internal principle of development which drives them on through a vast series of metamorphoses.

Answer 14

Gottfried Leibnitz

Question 15

He clearly felt that evolution proceeded on divine principles — in his De rerum originatione radicali (1697).

Answer 15

Gottfried Leibnitz

Question 16

He hypothesized that all quadrupeds are descended from just 38 species.

Answer 16

Georges-Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon

Question 17

He speculated the closely related species called genus (in modern times, it is called family).

Answer 17

Georges-Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon

Question 18

He offered in his Zoonomia (The Laws of Organic Life) some evolutionary speculations, “that all warm-blooded animals have arisen from one living filament … with the power of acquiring new parts.”

Answer 18

Erasmus Darwin

Question 19

Grandfather of Charles Darwin

Answer 19

Erasmus Darwin

Question 20

He created the hierarchy of taxonomic categories and a uniform system for naming species.

Answer 20

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 21

He wrote an essay on the Principle of Population. He observed that man is capable of overproducing if left unchecked.

Answer 21

Thomas Malthus

Question 22

A theory developed by Georges Cuvier.

Answer 22

Theory of Catastrophism

Question 23

Father of Geology

Answer 23

James Hutton

Question 24

He proposed the formation of Uniformitarianism.

Answer 24

James Hutton

Question 25

He developed the theory of catastrophism wherein changes were due to large, quick events.

Answer 25

Georges Cuvier

Question 26

He believed that acquired characteristics during lifetime to survive are passed to the next generation.

Answer 26

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Question 27

He was the first to give the mechanism that evolution is happening.

Answer 27

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Question 28

A geologist who followed the footstep of Hutton and was the mentor of Darwin.

Answer 28

Charles Lyell

Question 29

He independently came up with the idea of natural selection in his observation at the Amazon Basin.

Answer 29

Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 30

He published the infamous “on the Origin of Species” in 1859.

Answer 30

Charles Darwin

Question 31

Charles Darwin coined one of the mechanisms of evolution which is ___________________.

Answer 31

natural selection

Question 32

Charles Darwin defined evolution as ________________

Answer 32

descent with modification

Question 33

The ship that took 22-year-old Charles Darwin on his first expedition around the world in 1831–36.

Answer 33

HMS Beagle

Question 34

Patterns of Biological Diversity (based on Darwin’s Observation)

Answer 34

• species vary globally
• species vary locally
• species vary over time

Question 35

It is Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection.

Answer 35

darwinism

Question 36

It states that individuals lose characteristics they do not require, or use, and develop characteristics that are useful. Acquired traits were heritable.

Answer 36

Lamarck’s Principle of Use and Misuse

Question 37

A principle of heredity formulated by Gregor Mendel.

Answer 37

Mendelism

Mendelian Inheritance

Question 38

A theory that came from merging the ideas of Darwin and Mendel.

Answer 38

Neo-darwinian Theory

Question 39

Who formulated neo-darwinism?

Answer 39

Julian Huxley

Question 40

It states that diversity within a population arose from the random production of mutations, and the environment acted to select the most fit phenotypes.

Answer 40

Neo-Darwinian Theory

Question 41

Major concepts of Neo-darwinian Theory

Answer 41

• genetic variations
• reproductive and geographical isolation
• natural selection