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Pharmacology > Pulmonary System Meds > Flashcards

Pulmonary System Meds Flashcards

1
Q

What do intranasal glucocorticoids do?

A

Decrease inflammation in the nose, treat allergic rhinitis

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2
Q

What drug class are fluticasone (Flonase) and triamcinolone (Nasacort)?

A

Intranasal glucocorticoids

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3
Q

diphenhydramine brand name

A

Benadryl

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4
Q

What effects do 1st gen antihistamines cause?

A

Anticholinergic, dry, can’t see/pee/spit/shit

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5
Q

What do you need to avoid when taking 1st gen antihistamine?

A

Alcohol and CNS depressants

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6
Q

One SE of 1st gen antihistamine is?

A

Drowsiness, so need to avoid driving

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7
Q

Difference between 2nd gen and 1st gen antihistamines?

A

2nd gen is less dry, and can be taken daily

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8
Q

Drug class of fexofenadine (Allegra) and loratadine (Claritin)

A

2nd gen antihistamine

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9
Q

Difference between what 1st and 2nd gen antihistamines treat?

A

1st gen: antitussive（镇咳）
2nd gen: urticaria (rash)

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10
Q

What to avoid when taking 2nd gen antihistamine?

A

Grapefruit juice

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11
Q

Drug class of oxymetazoline (Afrin) and pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

A

Decongestant

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12
Q

What do decongestants do?

A

Vasoconstriction in nose

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13
Q

What class of drug do you need to avoid

A

MAOIs

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14
Q

How many days can you use nasal spray for?

A

Less than 5 days

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15
Q

What drug class is guaifenesin (Mucinex, Robitussin)

A

Expectorant

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16
Q

What do expectorants do?

A

Thin secretions

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17
Q

Pt education of expectorant

A
  1. Take with food b/c GI upset
  2. Increase fluid b/c water is the best natural expectorant
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18
Q

What drug class is dextromethorphan (Delsym)?

A

Antitussives

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19
Q

How do antitussives work?

A

Block cough reflex to stop coughs

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20
Q

What can antitussives combine with to make it the most effective?

A

Combine with codeine, makes narcotic

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21
Q

What class of drug to avoid when taking antitussives?

A

Antidepressants (MAOI, SSRI)

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22
Q

Can you use antitussives for chronic coughs?

A

No

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23
Q

When is the best time to take antitussives?

A

Before bed, b/c can make you drowsy

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24
Q

Drug class of oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu)

A

Anti-influenza

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25
Q

Drug class of zanamivir (Relenza)

A

Anti-influenza

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26
Q

What do anti-influenza drugs do?

A

Reduce the duration of flu, reduce symptoms, not cure

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27
Q

Best way to take anti-influenza drugs?

A

Take with food

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28
Q

What to watch for and report when taking anti-influenza drugs?

A

Report behavior changes b/c can cause seizure

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29
Q

Drug class of ribavirin (Virazole)

A

Antiviral

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30
Q

How to use ribavirin (Virazole)?

A

Continuous aerosol tx for 3-5 days

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31
Q

What is antiviral drugs used for?

A

Resp syncytial virus (RSV) in small infants and immunocompromised pt

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32
Q

Who do you need to educate for antiviral drugs?

A

Pt, workers and visitors, b/c serious side effects can occur with exposure

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33
Q

What drug class is epinephrine?

A

Bronchodilators

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34
Q

What do bronchodilators do?

A

Open up airways, bronchodilation

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35
Q

Drug class of fomoterol (Foradil)

A

Bronchodilators

36
Q

Drug class of salmeterol (Serevent)

A

Bronchodilators

37
Q

Beta-adrenergic agonist bronchodilators side effects

A

Fight or flight

38
Q

Beta 2 adrenergic agonist uses

A

Used to open up large airways

39
Q

Drug class of albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)

A

Bronchodilators

40
Q

What side effect does albuterol have?

A

Tremor

41
Q

Drug class of metaproterenol (Alupent)

A

Bronchodilators

42
Q

Anticholinergics uses in bronchodilator drug uses

A

Open up smaller airways, decrease bronchospasm

43
Q

Drug class of ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

A

Anticholinergic bronchodilators

44
Q

What is the drug with Atrovent combined with albuterol?

A

Duoneb

45
Q

Drug class of tiotropium (Spiriva)

A

Anticholinergic bronchodilatos

46
Q

Pt education of anticholinergic bronchodilators after taking med

A

Rinse mouth with water to prevent oral thrush

47
Q

Drug class of methylxanthines (Xanthines)

A

Bronchodilators

48
Q

Oral forms of Xanthines

A
  1. aminophylline
  2. theophylline
49
Q

amiphylline and theophylline uses

A

Maintenance for chronic stable asthma

50
Q

What is aminophylline and theophylline’s narrow therapeutic range?

A

10-20 mcg/ml

51
Q

Corticosteroids function

A

Decrease inflammation

52
Q

Glucocorticoids function other than decrease inflammation

A

Suppress immune system

53
Q

You can take glucocorticoids daily for what purpose

A

Prevent asthma attacks

54
Q

Drug class of budesonide (Pulmicort)

A

Corticosteroids

55
Q

Drug class of prednisone

A

Corticosteroids

56
Q

Drug class of fluticasone (Flovent)

A

Corticosteroids

57
Q

Oral glucocorticoids uses

A

Acute asthma

58
Q

Methylprednisolone brand name

A

Solu-Medrol

59
Q

Is glucocorticoids short term or long term?

A

Short term b/c suppress immune system

60
Q

Proper way to discontinue glucocorticoids

A

Taper off

61
Q

What drug class is Mast Cell Stabilizer under?

A

Corticosteroids

62
Q

Whatbare mast cells?

A

Allergy cells

63
Q

What do mast cell stabilizers do?

A

Prevent or decrease occurrence of asthma attacks

64
Q

Do mast cell stabilizers help acute asthma attacks?

A

No

65
Q

How long does it take for mast cell stabilizers to start working?

A

2-6 weeks

66
Q

Drug class of cromolyn (Gastrocrom)

A

Mast cell stabilizer, corticosteroid

67
Q

What does leukotriene receptor antagonists do?

A

Decrease inflammation, bronchodilation

68
Q

How long does it take for leukotriene receptor antagonists to start working?

A

1 week

69
Q

Most effective time to take leukotriene receptor antagonists is?

A

At night

70
Q

Is leukotrien receptor antagonists routinely or PRN tx?

A

Rountinely

71
Q

Drug class of zafirlukast (Accolate)

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

72
Q

Drug class of montelukast (Singulair)

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

73
Q

Adverse reaction of leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

Can cause suicidal thoughts and worsen depression

74
Q

Mucolytics uses

A

Liquify thick lung secretions in cystic fibrosis

75
Q

Drug class of acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

A

Mycolytics

76
Q

Order of med admin for asthma

A

Beta 2 adrenergic bronchodilator (albuterol), anticholinergic bronchodilator (tiotropium), glucocorticoids (bydesonide), mast cell stabilizer (cromolyn)

77
Q

Only deliver amount ordered for O2 b/c?

A

Can damage eyes

78
Q

What are respiratory stimulants used for?

A

Pt with apnea, stimulate resp center in the brain

79
Q

Drug class of caffeine citrate (Cafcit)

A

Respiratory stimulant

80
Q

What is nicotine transdermal patch called?

A

Nicoderm

81
Q

What is nicotine gum called

A

Nicorette

82
Q

What is nicotine inhalation called

A

Nicotrol

83
Q

What is nicotine Nas spray called

A

Nicotrol

84
Q

What is varenicline (Chantix) used for

A

Smoking cessation

85
Q

Which antidepressant can be used for smoking cessation?

A

bupropion hydrochloride (Wellbutin, Zyban)

Pharmacology (27 decks)

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