Anesthetic Drugs

Question 1

Local anesthesia:

Answer 1

Skin surface, open area, mucous membrane,
Local infiltration anesthesia: inject into tissues, used for dental procedures,
Ex of med: bupivacaine, lidocaine, xylocaine

Question 2

Regional anesthesia:

Answer 2

Inject around nerves to prevent sending pain signals.
Ex of med: lidocaine, bupivacaine.

Question 3

Local anesthesia injection

Answer 3

Mixed with epinephrine (cause local vasoconstriction), it cannot be used on an extremity!

Question 4

Preanesthetic drugs:

Answer 4

1. Antianxiety
2. Histamine-2 receptor antagonist: lower gastric acidity and volume
3. Anticholinergics: lower resp secretions
4. Neuromuscular blocking agents: relax skeletal muscle, rapid intubation
5. Opioids: sedate and lower amount of anesthesia
6. Antibiotics: prevent infection

Question 5

Conscious sedation:

Answer 5

Used when a procedure needs pt to be relaxed but awake and able to follow instructions.
Antianxiety meds used prior to.

Question 6

General anesthesia:

Answer 6

Choice of drug depends on physical condition, surgery length and location.

Question 7

Stages of general anesthesia:

Answer 7

1. Anesthesia: induction, 5 to 10 sec
2. Delirium and excitement: pt mumbles, unconscious, we need to avoid any unnecessary noises and movement in the room
3. Surgical analgesia
4. Resp paralysis: resp arrest

Question 8

General anesthesia drugs:

Answer 8

Barbiturates and similar agents: methohexital (Brevital), etomidate, propofol (Diprivan).
Benzodiazepines: midazolam (Versed).
Gases and volatile liquids: nitrous oxide, sevoflurane (Ultane), isoflurane (Forane), desflurane (Suprane).
Opioids: fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Skeletal muscle relaxants