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Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Bactericidal chinese

A

杀菌

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2
Q

Bacteriostatic chinese

A

抑菌

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3
Q

Are sulfonamides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

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4
Q

Drug class of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)

A

Sulfonamides antibiotics

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5
Q

Drug class of sulfasalazine

A

Sulfonamides antibiotics

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6
Q

Sulfasalazine take with or without food?

A

With food

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7
Q

What can be used with antibiotics to prevent bacteria from attaching to urinary tract walls

A

Cranberry, reduce UTI

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8
Q

Sulfasalazine, like rifampin, can do what?

A

Turn body fluids orange

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9
Q

Sulfasalazine has what effect on contact lenses?

A

Permanently discolor the contact lenses, so wear glasses

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10
Q

All antibiotics have what side effects?

A

NVD, anorexia, abd pain

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11
Q

When giving sulfonamides to diabetic pt, need to monitor what?

A

Blood sugar level, because can cause hypoglycemia

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12
Q

How should you take sulfonamides?

A

With a full glass of water

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13
Q

Sulfonamides have which side effect that requires you to avoid sunlight?

A

Photosensitivity

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14
Q

Is it common for sulfonamides to cause body fluid discoloration?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Which gen of cephalosporin is cephalexin?

A

1st

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16
Q

Which gen of cephalosporin is cefaclor?

A

2nd

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17
Q

Which gen of cephalosporin is cefoperazone?

A

3rd

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18
Q

Which gen of cephalosporin is cefepime?

A

4th

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19
Q

Which gen or cephalosporin is ceftaroline?

A

5th

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20
Q

What are cephalosporin used for?

A

Resp infection, otitis media, bone/joint infections, can be given after sexual assault to prevent bacteria

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21
Q

What do sulfonamides interact with?

A

Anticoagulant, hydantoin, methotrexate

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22
Q

What do cephalosporin interact with?

A

Anticoagulants, aminoglycosides, loop diuretics

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23
Q

Amoxicillin, ampicillin, and piperacillin are examples of?

A

Penicillin

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24
Q

Amoxicillin + clavulanate

A

Augmentin

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25
Q

Piperacillin + tazobactam

A

Zosyn

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26
Q

What is penicillin used for?

A

UTI, meningitis, STI, pneumonia and other resp infections, intra-abd infections

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27
Q

SE of penicillin

A

Glossitis, stomatitis, gastritis, NVD, abd pain, phlebitis, pancytopenia, bone marrow depression

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28
Q

What does penicillin interact with?

A

Tetracycline, oral contraceptives, anticoagulant, beta blockers

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29
Q

Carbapenems uses

A

Complicated infections

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30
Q

Drug class of vancomycin

A

Carbapenem

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31
Q

If vancomycin is given too fast, what can happen?

A

Red man syndrome (rash in neck/skin/torso, low bp, chest pain, pale skin, petechiae, shortness of breath

32
Q

What to do if you see red man syndrome caused by vancomycin?

A

Slow it down! Can give antihistamine

33
Q

Drug class of oritavancin

A

Carbapenem

34
Q

Drug class of telavancin

A

Carbapenem

35
Q

Drug class of aztreonam

A

Carbapenem

36
Q

Drug class of meropenem

A

Carbapenem

37
Q

Side effects of carbapenem

A

NVD, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, low bp with IV

38
Q

Vanco peak will happen when? And what is the normal level?

A

About 30 minutes after infusion, norm value 20-40 mg/ml

39
Q

Vanco trough will happen when? And what is the normal value?

A

30 minutes before the next dose
Mild infection: 10 mcg/ml
Severe infection: 15-20 mcg/ml

40
Q

Do you take penicillin with or without food?

A

Without

41
Q

For cephalosporins, penicillin, and carbapenem, how should you store and do before taking the oral suspension?

A

Refrigerate, and shake well before admin

42
Q

Drug class of vibramycin

A

Tetracycline

43
Q

Drug class of doxycycline

A

Tetracycline

44
Q

Tetracycline uses

A

E Coli, H Pylori, skin infections, resp infections

45
Q

What can tetracyclines do to children less than 9 y.o.?

A

Cause permanent yellow gray brown discoloration of teeth

46
Q

What do tetracyclines interact with?

A

Oral contraceptives, antacids, anticoagulants, digoxin

47
Q

Drug class of gentamicin and neomycin

A

Aminoglycosides

48
Q

What are aminoglycosides used for?

A

Abd surgery, hepatic coma

49
Q

Adverse reactions of aminoglycosides

A

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity

50
Q

Can you use aminoglycosides if pt have myasthenia gravis?

A

No

51
Q

Can younuse aminoglycosides if pt have hearing loss?

A

No

52
Q

Can you use aminoglycosides if pt have Parkinson disease?

A

No

53
Q

What do aminoglycosides interact with?

A

Cephalosporins

54
Q

What are macrolides used for?

A

Gram pos and neg infections, acne and skin infections, upper resp infections, used for pt who are allergic to penicillins

55
Q

Drug class of azitgromycin

A

Macrolides

56
Q

Drug class of zithromax

A

Macrolides

57
Q

Drug class of clarithromycin

A

Macrolides

58
Q

What do macrolides interact with?

A

Antacids, digoxin, anticoagulants, theophylline, clindamycin, lincomycin

59
Q

Drug class of cleocin

A

Lincosamides

60
Q

Drug class of lincocin

A

Lincosamides

61
Q

Drug class of clindamycin

A

Lincosamides

62
Q

Lincosamides uses

A

Gram pos and neg infections

63
Q

Can lincosamides be used for minor bacterial/viral infections?

A

No because this is high powered antibiotics

64
Q

What is cubicin, zyvox, daptomycin, and linezolid used for?

A

Skin infections, MRSA

65
Q

What can cubicin, zyvox, daptomycin, linezolid cause?

A

Depressions headache, dizziness, NVD, constipation

66
Q

How should you take tetracyclines?

A

On an empty stomach

67
Q

How should you take aminoglycosides?

A

With a full glass of water, take with food

68
Q

How should you take macrolides?

A

With a full glass of water, take with food

69
Q

How should you take lincosamides?

A

With a full glass of water, take with food

70
Q

What kind of food need to be avoided when taking tetracyclines?

A

Food containing calcium

71
Q

Drug class of ciprofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolones

72
Q

Drug class of delafloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolones

73
Q

Drug class of levofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolones

74
Q

Fluoroquinolones uses

A

Lower resp infections, bone/joint infections, UTI, skin infections

75
Q

Can you use fluoroquinolones in diabetic pt’s?

A

No

76
Q

What to avoid while taking fluoroquinolones?

A

High intensity exercise b/c of increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture

77
Q

What do fluoroquinolones interact with?

A

Anticoagulants, antacids, NSAIDs

Pharmacology (25 decks)

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