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Pharmacology > GI/GU Meds > Flashcards

GI/GU Meds Flashcards

1
Q

Why do peptic ulcers need to avoid NSAIDs?

A

Because they might irritate stomach lining causing worse GI problems

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2
Q

What do histamine h2 blockers do?

A

Decrease stomach acid production

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3
Q

Histamine h2 blockers adverse reactions

A

Gynecomastia
Agranulocytosis
Aplastic anemia

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4
Q

Histamine h2 blockers ex?

A

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

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5
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet) class?

A

Histamine h2 blockers

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6
Q

What to avoid when giving histamine h2 blockers?

A

Avoid antacids within 1 hr
Avoid smoking, alcohol, and NSAIDs, anything that might increase GI irritation

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7
Q

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) ex?

A

Omeprazole (Prylesect)
Pantoprazole (Protonics)
Lansoprazole (Prevesed)
Esomeprazole (Nexium)

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8
Q

What does PPIs do?

A

Decrease acid in stomach so ulcers can heal

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9
Q

Omeprazole (Prylesect) class?

A

PPIs

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10
Q

Pantoprazole (Protonics) class?

A

PPIs

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11
Q

Lansoprazole (Prevesed) class?

A

PPIs

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12
Q

Esomeprazole (Nexium) class?

A

PPIs

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13
Q

What’s the effect of PPIs on vitamin B12?

A

Stomach acid helps absorb B12
PPIs reduce stomach acid
So less stomach acid = less B12

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14
Q

What electrolyte do you need to monitor when pt is on PPIs?

A

Magnesium

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15
Q

Prolonged use of PPIs can lead to?

A

Bone loss b/c less intestinal absorbed Calcium!
Risk for fractures

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16
Q

When in the day should pt take PPIs?

A

Before breakfast

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17
Q

What can pt do to prevent bone loss while taking PPIs?

A

Weight bearing exercise

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18
Q

What do mucosal protectants do?

A

Coat your stomach, creat a barrier

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19
Q

Mucosal protectant ex?

A

Sucralfate (Carafate)

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20
Q

Sucralfate (Carafate) class?

A

Mucosal protectant

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21
Q

Should nucosal protectants be taken with or without food?

A

Without

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22
Q

When should you give mucosal protectants?

A

1 hr before meal and at bedtime

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23
Q

Can mucosal protectants and antacids be taken together?

A

No

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24
Q

How long should you wait to give antacids after giving mucosal protectants?

A

30 min

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25
Q

How long should you wait before giving warfarin, theophylline, phenytoin, digoxin, tetracycline, and diazepam after giving mucosal protectants?

A

2 hr

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26
Q

Antacids ex?

A

Aluminum hydroxide

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27
Q

What do antacids do?

A

Neutralize gastric acid

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28
Q

How should you give antacids?

A

Empty stomach, 1 hr before meals and at bedtime

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29
Q

What adverse reactions can antacids cause?

A

Constipation and diarrhea

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30
Q

Can antacids be given with any other drugs?

A

No b/c gastric acid needs time to be neutralized

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31
Q

What does serotonin antagonists do?

A

Block serotonin receptors
Treat nausea and vomiting

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32
Q

Serotonin antagonist ex?

A

Ondansetron (Zofran)

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33
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran) class?

A

Serotonin antagonist, antiemetics

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34
Q

What drug does ondansetron have to avoid?

A

Apomorphine b/c they may cause severe hypotension when used together

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35
Q

What to always do before throwing meds at pt?

A

Collect data, assess

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36
Q

Ondansetron adverse reactions?

A

Serotonin syndrome
Headache
Dizziness
Constipation
Diarrhea

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37
Q

What do antihistamines/anticholinergics help with?

A

Vertigo/dizziness

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38
Q

How does antihistamine/anticholinergic help with vertigo?

A

By blocking the release of histamine h1 receptors in the inner ear

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39
Q

Adverse reactions of antihistamine/anticholinergic

A

Can’t see/pee/spit/shit
Sedation

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40
Q

What happens if using MAOIs with antihistamine/anticholinergic?

A

Increase anticholinergic effects

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41
Q

Antihistamine/anticholinergic ex?

A

Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

42
Q

Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) class?

A

Antihistamine/anticholinergic

43
Q

Dopamine antagonist action?

A

Increase GI motility

44
Q

Adverse reaction of dopamine antagonists

A

Sedation, diarrhea, restlessness

45
Q

What should you educate pt on dopamine antagonists?

A

Change position slowly
Increase fluid intake
Do not drive or operate machines

46
Q

Dopamine antagonist ex?

A

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

47
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan) class

A

Dopamine antagonist

48
Q

What is bulk-forming agents used for?

A

Nondigestible, absorb water to form a mass
The mass stimulates peristalsis, form stool in 1-3 days

49
Q

How long does it take for bulk-forming agents to see affect?

A

1-3 days

50
Q

How should pt take bulk-forming agents?

A

1-3 times/day, take with 8+ oz of water or juice

51
Q

Buil-forming agents ex?

A

Psyllium/Metamucil

52
Q

Psyllium/Metamucil class?

A

Bulk-forming agents

53
Q

what is another name for stool softeners?

A

Surfactant laxatives

54
Q

Surfactant laxatives ex?

A

Docusate sodium (Colace)

55
Q

Docusate sodium (Colace) class

A

Surfactant laxatives

56
Q

Surfactant laxatives action?

A

Change the surface tension of stool to increase water absorption and soften stool

57
Q

How should pt take surfactant laxatives?

A

With 8 oz of water

58
Q

Pt education for surfactant laxasives

A

Stop med when diarrhea happens
2-3 L of fluid per day
High fiber foods

59
Q

Can any laxatives be taken everyday?

A

No!

60
Q

Stimulant laxatives ex?

A

Bisacodyl (Senna), castor oil

61
Q

Bisacodyl (Senna) class?

A

Stimulant laxatives

62
Q

Stimulant laxatives action?

A

Stimulate intestinal motility

63
Q

What pt use stimulant laxatives?

A

When experiencing constipation due to opioid use
When evacuating colon prior to surgery

64
Q

Can stimulant laxatives be used repeatedly?

A

No

65
Q

Aminosalicylates uses?

A

Inflammation in GI tract

66
Q

Aminosalicylates ex?

A

Sulfasalazine

67
Q

Sulfasalazine class?

A

Aminosalicylates

68
Q

Contraindications of sulfasalazine?

A

Digoxin, chamomile

69
Q

Antidiarrheals ex?

A

Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)
Loperamide (Immodium)

70
Q

Loperamide (Immodium) class

A

Antidiarrheals

71
Q

Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) class

A

Antidiarrheals

72
Q

Antidiarrheals action?

A

Decrease flow of fluids and electrolytes into bowel

73
Q

Can antidiarrheal be used for acute diarrhea?

A

No, only for chronic

74
Q

Antiflatulents ex?

A

Smithicone (Gas-X)

75
Q

Smithicone (Gas-X) class

A

Antiflatulents

76
Q

Antiflatulents action?

A

Decrease surface tension of GI gas bubbles to eliminate them

77
Q

Pt education for antiflatulents

A

Avoid foods that make you fart (cabbage, onion, beans)
Use a straw for drinking
Cut down on carbs

78
Q

If pt is on female hormone replacement therapy, what should you educate them on?

A

Monitor for vaginal bleeding
Have a yearly pelvic exam

79
Q

Is estrogen used by itself?

A

No it’s used with progestin to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer

80
Q

Estrogen’s affect on warfarin?

A

It decreases the effects of warfarin

81
Q

Estrogen’s affect on tricyclic antidepressants?

A

It increases the effects of them

82
Q

LH and FSH stimulant ex?

A

Clomid

83
Q

Clomid class

A

LH and FSH stimulant

84
Q

Clomid action

A

Stimulates the ovary to produce mature follicles

85
Q

Pt education on clomid

A

Take with food
Expect hot flashes
Report pelvic pain
Can take OTC anti-inflammatory drugs PRN

86
Q

Benign prostatic hypertrophy drug ex?

A

Finasteride (Proscar)

87
Q

Finasteride (Proscar) class?

A

BPH drug

88
Q

BPH drugs action?

A

Shrink prostate size

89
Q

Is BPH med PRN or rountine?

A

Routine!

90
Q

Pt education on BPH meds

A

Will take several months before symptoms (ex: painful urination) will get better
Do not stop taking even if symptoms got better b/c will reoccur

91
Q

Erectile dysfunction med ex?

A

Sildenafil (Viagra)
Tadalafil (Cialis)

92
Q

Tadalafil (Cialis) class

A

Erectile dysfunction

93
Q

Sildenafil (Viagra) class

A

Erectile dysfunction meds

94
Q

Erectile dysfunction meds action

A

Dilate vessels, increase blood flow to penis

95
Q

Erectile dysfunction meds contraindications

A

Nitrates for chest pain b/c both can cause hypotension

96
Q

What do you need before treating UTI?

A

Culture and sensitivity

97
Q

Can kind of juice can pt with UTIs take?

A

Cranberry, prevent bacteria from sticking to bladder walls

98
Q

Urinary analgesics ex

A

Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

99
Q

Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) class?

A

Urinary analgesics

100
Q

How long can pt take phenazopyridine (Pyridium) for?

A

No longer than 2 days, if symptoms continue, cannot take another round!

101
Q

An expected finding of phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

A

Brown-orange color urine

Pharmacology (25 decks)

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