Fluids, Electrolytes, and Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What does Potassium (K+) do?

A

Contract muscles (smooth, cardiac, and skeletal)

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2
Q

What does Magnesium (Mg++) do?

A

Helps with nerve impulse transmission and enzyme reactions

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3
Q

What does Sodium (Na+) do?

A

Maintain pH balance, normal heart action, and regulation of osmotic pressure in cells

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4
Q

What does Calcium (Ca++) do?

A

Help with nerve and muscle functions, clotting of blood, build bones and teeth

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5
Q

Lactated ringers (LR) IV fluid solution

A

Trauma, burning s, OB procedure where a lot of blood loss occurs

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6
Q

Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)

A

Compatible with blood products, pt with HF or kidney disease

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7
Q

1/2 normal saline (0.45% NaCl)

A

Pt with hypernatremia (high sodium Na) or excessive edema

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8
Q

Plasma-Lyte A

A

Used in place of LR, compatible with blood products

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9
Q

Dextrose in water

A

Dehydrate/ to reduce potassium/sodium blood levels

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10
Q

S/s of fluid overload

A

Hyponatremia, wheezing. Headache, weakness, blurred vision, weight gain, high bp

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11
Q

Fluid volume excess interventions

A

Semi-fowler’s, check for edema, monitor vitals, I&O, daily weight, hematocrit and electrolyte levels, admin O2/diuretics/restrict fluids/low sodium diet as prescribed

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12
Q

Fluid volume deficit causes, assess, and interventions

A

Causes: vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, ostomy drainage, diuretics cause more urine output
Assess: thirst, skin turgor, dry mucosa, high hr, thready pulse, dyspnea, urine color dark and volume down
Interventions: find cause and treat, IV fluids, O2, test urine concentration, monitor vitals/resp status/daily weight/I&O/hematocrit and electrolyte levels

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13
Q

Electrolyte normal lab values

A

Mg: 1.5-2.5
K: 3.5-5.0
Ca: 4.5-5.3
Na: 132-145

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14
Q

Which electrolyte needs to be consumed daily b/c doesn’t store?

A

Potassium (K)

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15
Q

Which electrolyte cannot be crushed?

A

K

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16
Q

Relationship between sodium and lithium?

A

Hyponatremia diminishes lithium elimination which leads to lithium toxicity

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17
Q

Pt need to be on monitor when taking which electrolyte?

A

K

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18
Q

Oliguria

A

Not a lot of urine

19
Q

Azotemia

A

Abnormal high volume of nitrogen in blood

20
Q

Anuria

A

No urine

21
Q

ACE Inhibitor used with K

A

Risk for hyperkalemia

22
Q

Digoxin used with K

A

Risk for digoxin toxicity

23
Q

CNS depressants used with Mg

A

Increased CNS depression

24
Q

Digoxin used with Mg

A

Heart block can occur

25
Q

Atenolol used with Ca

A

Effect of atenolol decrease, decreased beta blockade

26
Q

What is metabolic acidosis and how to treat it?

A

Blood pH < 7.35, treat with alkalinizing drug (HCO3), increase pH in blood

27
Q

What is metabolic alkalosis and how to treat it?

A

Excess of bicarb (HCO3) increased pH in blood, treat with acidifying drugs (ammonium chloride), reduce pH in blood

28
Q

Hypovolemia causes what?

A

deficient fluid volume

29
Q

What to do when getting Ca ready?

A

Warm the solution up to body temp

30
Q

What to keep in mind when administering K?

A

Liquid K has salty taste so give with juice, don’t crush or chew oral pills

31
Q

Fat-soluble vitamin

A

Can dissolve in fat and oil, absorb with fats in diet, stored in fatty tissue

32
Q

Water-soluble vitamins:

A

Can dissolve in water, carried to tissues but not stored in body

33
Q

What vitamins are fat-soluble?

A

K, A, D, E

34
Q

What vitamins are stored in the liver?

A

K, A, D

35
Q

Where is vitamin E stored?

A

In fatty tissues throughout the body

36
Q

Vitamin A

A

Essential for vision: prevents night blindness
Needed for fat metabolism
Deficiency: dry skin, poor teeth development, night blindness
Excess: birth defects during pregnancy
High dose can be toxic to liver

37
Q

Vitamin D

A

Develop bone and retention and absorption of Ca and Phosphorus
Regulated BP, hormone production, immune and nervous system
Deficiency: rickets (children), tooth and bone deformation, fractures, osteoporosis, tetany (softening of bone in children), osteomalacia (softening of bone in adults)
Excess: diarrhea, renal calculi, redness of skin, dizziness, muscle/bone pain, vertigo

38
Q

Vitamin E

A

Form RGBs and muscles, support immune system, act as an antioxidant
Deficiency is rare b/c adults have large stores in adipose tissue
Excess: muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, large doses can decrease clotting time

39
Q

Vitamin K

A

Clot blood, form strong bones
Deficiency: increased clotting time, blood in urine and stool, bruising
Excess: no known reaction
Newborns cannot store vitamin K!

40
Q

Which vitamins are water-soluble?

A

B, C

41
Q

Vitamin B

A

Support immune and nervous systems, improve metabolism, maintain healthy skin and muscles, help with stress, depression, and cardiac disease, alcoholism

42
Q

Vitamin C also called? And uses?

A

Ascorbic acid, produce and maintain connective tissue, bones, and teeth
Aids in iron absorption, antioxidant, tissue repair and wound healing, reduce cancer, increase vision
Deficiency: capillaries are fragile, poor wound healing, bleeding gums, easily bruises
Excess: diarrhea, stomach pain

43
Q

Vitamin food sources?

A

Green leaf veggies, orange/yellow veggies, dairy products, whole grains, beef, poultry, egg yolks, seafood, pork, beans and lentils, fruits citrus

44
Q

B9

A

Prevent birth defects
Deficiency: anorexia, diarrhea, lose weight, irritability, anemia
Excess: hypersensitivity reaction