Pulmonary Hypertension Flashcards
is a severe, rare lung disease characterized by high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which deliver blood from the heart to the lungs.
Pulmonary hypertension (PH)
Pulmonary blood pressure is normally a lot lower than
systemic blood pressure
Normal pulmonary artery pressure is — at rest
8-20 mmHg
If the pressure in the pulmonary artery is greater than —- at rest or — during physical activity, it is abnormally high and is called pulmonary hypertension.
25 mm Hg
30 mmHg
is a serious health condition that results when the arteries carrying blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs are constricted, disrupting blood flow.
Pulmonary hypertension (PH)
Pulmonary hypertension severity classifications
CLASS I, CLASS II, CLASS III, CLASS IV
Although you’ve been diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension, you have no symptoms with normal activity.
Class I
You don’t have symptoms at rest, but you experience symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath or chest pain with normal activity.
Class II
You’re comfortable at rest, but have symptoms when you’re physically active.
Class III
You have symptoms with physical activity and while at rest.
Class IV
if the cause of the disease was known
Primary PH
if the cause could not be identified
Secondary PH
Secondary pulmonary hypertension also was called
idiopathic pulmonary hypertension
Now the classification has been expanded to five groups, to emphasize the importance of the underlying cause of the disease
Group 1 PAH (Pulmonary arterial hypertension)
Group 2 PH (left heart disease)
Group 3 PH (lung disease)
Group 4 PH (thromboembolic disease)
Group 5 PH (multifactorial)
GROUP I—- is associated with the narrowing of the small blood vessels in the lungs. It also is called —
PH
PAH
There are multiple other subgroups in group 1, including
Familial, or heritable pulmonary hypertension (FPAH) or (HPH)
certain drugs or toxins (recreational drugs and diet medications)
scleroderma or lupus
congenital heart problems
high blood pressure in the liver
HIV
schistosomiasis
sickle cell anemia
liver disease
Group 1 also may be caused by rare blood conditions like:
pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD)
pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH)
persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)
Group 2:
pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease
Long-term problems with the left side of the heart can lead to changes in the pulmonary arteries and cause pulmonary hypertension.
Group 2: pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease
Group 2 includes
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
Valvular disease
Congenital heart defects
when the heart cannot pump blood effectively
Left ventricular systolic dysfunct
when the heart cannot properly relax to allow enough blood to flow in
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
when the valves of the left side of the heart are allowing blood to leak
Valvular disease
which can lead to problems with blood flowing in or out of the heart
Congenital heart defects (heart defects from birth)
Group 3
pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease and/or chronic hypoxia
