Atelectasis Flashcards
is derived from the Greek words
“ateles” and “ektasis
Atelectasis
Refers to closure or collapse of alveoli.
Atelectasis
means that lung sacs cannot inflate properly, which means your blood may not be able to deliver oxygen to organs and tissues.
Atelectasis
Atelectasis may also be called
Collapsed lung
Dx
CT Scan
Oximetry
Ultrasound of the thorax
Bronchoscopy
Risk factors
<5 or >60
Asthma and COPD
premature birth
Recent gen anesth
Obesity
Smoking
Types of atelectasis
Obstructive atelectasis
Non obstructive atelectasis
Most common type
Obstructive
Due to a physical blockage of airflow
Obstructive
Causes of obstructive atelectasis
Mucus pluggin
Foreign body
Tumor
Blood clot
When alveoli collapse due to factors acting via other mechanisms. Least common
Non obstructive atelectasis
Causes of non obstructive atelectasis
Injury
Pleural effusion
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Tumor
Classification of atelectasis
Acute
Chronic
Post operative settings, The lung has recently collapsed and is primarily notable only for airlessness.
Acute
In COPD patient (insidious and slower in onset)
In chronic atelectasis, the affected area is often
characterized by infection, Bronchiectasis, destruction,
and scarring (fibrosis).
Chronic
Classification based in characteristic
Compression
Cicatrization
Absorption
Adhesive
Relaxation
Rounded
occurs from the lesion of the thorax compresses the lungs.
Compression
is secondary to increased pressure exerted on the lung causing the alveoli to collapse. In other words,there is a “decrease” transmural pressure gradient
Compression
> It results from the severe scarring of the lung parenchyma and caused by the necrotizing pneumonia.
Cicatrization
> Refers to the condition where the reduction of nitrogen concentration in the lungs causes a collapse
Absorption
surfactant deficiency. ARDS
Adhesive
results when pleural effusion or
Pneumothorax eliminates contact between parietal pleura and
visceral pleura.
Relaxation
> Occurs as consequence of diseases with chronic pleural scarring, especially asbestos-related pleural disease and TB.
Rounded
S/sx
SOB
increased HR
Coughing
Chest pain
Cyanosis
Causes
Mucus plugging
Inhaled object
Pneumothorax
Tumors
Pleural effusion
Treatment
CPT
spirometry
Chest percussion
Postural drainage
CPAP
Nsg interventions
Peform coughing and breathing exercises q 1-2 hrs
Incentive spirometry
Adm analgesics
Adm sedatives
Assess breath sounds
Monitor pulse oximetry
