Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NCM118 > COPD Part 2 > Flashcards

COPD Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnostic Findings

A

Pulmonary function studies:
*Spirometry
*Arterial blood gas measurements
*chest x-ray
*Screening for alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency

SACS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

are used to help confirm the diagnosis of COPD, determine disease severity, and monitor disease progression

A

Pulmonary function studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

is used to evaluate airflow obstruction, which is determined by the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC).

A

Spirometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

used to determine reversibility of obstruction after the use of bronchodilator

A

Spirometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How to do spirometry

A

Spirometry is initially performed, the patient is given an inhaled bronchodilator treatment according to a standard protocol, and then spirometry is repeated. The patient demonstrates a degree of reversibility if the pulmonary function values improve after administration of the bronchodilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

obtained to assess baseline oxygenation and gas exchange and are especially important in advanced COPD.

A

Arterial blood gas measurements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

obtained to exclude alternative diagnoses

A

Chest xray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

is suggested for all adults who are symptomatic, especially for patients younger than 45 years

A

Screening for alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Factors that determine the clinical course and survival of patients with COPD include history of

A

cigarette smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, age, rate of decline of FEV1, hypoxemia, pulmonary artery pressure, resting heart rate, weight loss, reversibility of airflow obstruction, and comorbidities.

ARCHER PWRC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

primary differential diagnosis of COPD is

A

Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

may help in the differential diagnosis.

A

high-resolution CT scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Key factors to diagnose

A

Pt. history, severity of symptoms and reactions to bronchodilator

PSR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Grade I

A

Mild
FEV1/FVC <70%
FEV1 ≥80% predicted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Grade II

A

Moderate
FEV1/FVC <70%
FEV1 50–79% predicted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Grade III

A

Severe
FEV1/FVC <70%
FEV1 30–49% predicted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Grade IV

A

Very severe
FEV1/FVC <70%
FEV1 <30% predicted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Complications

A

Acute/chronic Respiratory insufficiency and failure
pneumonia, chronic atelectasis, pneumothorax, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (cor pulmonale)

A Parrot Can Play Piano

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

are major life-threatening complications of COPD.

A

Respiratory insufficiency and failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The acuity of the onset and the severity of respiratory failure depend on

A

baseline pulmonary function, pulse oximetry or arterial blood gas values, comorbid conditions, and the severity of other complications

Big Pandas Climb Sticks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Severe copd

A

Chronic Resp. Insufficiency and failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

severe bronchospasm or pneumonia in a patient with severe COPD

A

Acute Resp. Insufficiency and failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Medical mgt

A

Therapeutic strategies
*promoting smoking cessation as appropriate, providing supplemental oxygen therapy as indicated, prescribing medications, and managing exacerbations.

Some: surgical interventions
Advance copd: palliative care

Superman Saves People, Makes Super Plans

23
Q

Risk Reduction

A

Modify environmental exposures
*Smoking cessation

24
Q

the single most cost-effective intervention to reduce the risk of developing COPD and to stop its progression

A

Smoking cessation

25
Q

Factors associated with continued smoking

A

strength of the nicotine addiction, continued exposure to smoking associated stimuli (at work or in social settings), stress, depression, and habit

26
Q

promote cessation by

A

“at-risk” message
set a definite “quit date.”
smoking cessation program
Continued reinforcement
Relapses should be analyzed
identify possible solutions

27
Q

a first-line pharmacotherapy that reliably increases long-term smoking abstinence rates—comes in a variety of forms (gum, inhaler, nasal spray, transdermal patch, sublingual tablet, or lozenge

A

Nicotine replacement

28
Q

both antidepressants, may also increase longterm quit rates of smoking

A

Bupropion SR and nortriptyline

29
Q

antihypertensive agent but limited use

A

Clonidine

30
Q

a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, may assist in smoking cessation

A

Varenicline

31
Q

Patients who are not appropriate candidates for pharmacotherapy

A

medical contraindications, light smokers (fewer than 10 cigarettes per day), pregnant women, and adolescent smokers

MAPL

32
Q

is the administration of oxygen at a concentration greater than that found in the environmental atmosphere

A

Oxygen therapy

33
Q

the concentration of oxygen in room air is

A

21%

34
Q

to provide adequate transport of oxygen in the blood while decreasing the work of breathing and reducing stress on the myocardium

A

Oxygen therapy

35
Q

Oxygen transport to tissues depends on factors

A

cardiac output, arterial oxygen content, concentration of hemoglobin, and metabolic requirements

CARM

36
Q

Indications for oxygen therapy

A

change in the patient’s respiratory rate or pattern
*Hypoxia & Hypoxemia

37
Q

a decrease in the arterial oxygen tension in the blood

A

Hypoxemia

38
Q

How Hypoxemia is manifested

A

by changes in mental status, dyspnea, increase in blood pressure, changes in heart rate, arrhythmias, central cyanosis (late sign), diaphoresis, and cool extremities

39
Q

a decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells that can also be caused by problems outside the respiratory system, can be life-threatening.

A

Hypoxia

40
Q

changes occur in the central nervous system because the neurologic centers are very sensitive to oxygen deprivation

A

rapidly developing hypoxia

41
Q

Signs and symptoms of oxygen deprivation

A

depend on how suddenly
resemble that of alcohol intoxication, lack of coordination and impaired judgment.

42
Q

fatigue, drowsiness, apathy, inattentiveness, and delayed reaction time may occur with this kind of hypoxia

A

long-standing hypoxia

43
Q

need for oxygen is assessed by

A

arterial blood gas analysis, pulse oximetry, and clinical evaluation

CAP

44
Q

Complications of oxygen therapy

A

*Oxygen toxicity effects on the lungs and central nervous system or may depress ventilation (lethal adverse effect)
*absorption atelectasis
*Combustion
*Bacterial contamination

CABO

45
Q

is a medication, and except in emergency situations it is given only when prescribed by a health care provider.

A

Oxygen

46
Q

a patient with any type of respiratory disorder is given oxygen therapy only to increase the

A

partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2)
Normal: 60 to 95 mm Hg

47
Q

oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve arterial hemoglobin at these levels is

A

80% to 98% saturated with oxygen

48
Q

higher fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) may produce toxic effects on

A

lungs and central nervous system or may depress ventilation (lethal adverse effect)

49
Q

is used to monitor oxygen levels

A

Intermittent or continuous pulse oximetry

50
Q

may occur when too high concentration of oxygen is given for an extended period (generally longer than 24 hours)

A

Oxygen toxicity

51
Q

caused by overproduction of oxygen free radicals, which are by-products of cell metabolism.

A

Oxygen toxicity

52
Q

An additional adverse effect of the administration of high concentrations of
oxygen (greater than 50%) to patients who are sedated and breathing small tidal volumes of air

A

absorption atelectasis

53
Q

It is important to post when oxygen is in use.

A

“No Smoking” signs

NCM118 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions