ACUTE MI BOOK

Question 1

is an emergent situation characterized by an acute onset of myocardial ischemia that results in myocardial death (i.e., MI) if definitive interventions do not occur promptly.

Answer 1

Acute coronary syndrome

Question 2

The spectrum of ACS includes

Answer 2

Unstable angina
NSTEMI
STEMI

Question 3

there is reduced blood flow in a coronary artery, often due to rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque

Answer 3

Unstable angina

Question 4

A clot begins to form on top of the coronary lesion, but the artery is not completely occluded

Answer 4

Unstable angina

Question 5

In unstable angina This is an acute situation that can result in chest pain and other symptoms that may be referred to as

Answer 5

Preinfarction angina

Question 6

plaque rupture and subsequent thrombus formation result in complete
occlusion of the artery, leading to ischemia and necrosis of the myocardium supplied by that artery

Answer 6

MI

Question 7

(sudden constriction or narrowing) of a coronary artery, decreased oxygen supply, increased demand for O2

Answer 7

Vasopasm

Question 8

reflects the urgency of appropriate treatment to improve patient outcomes.

Answer 8

Time is muscle

Question 9

Various descriptions are used to further identify an MI

Answer 9

NSTEMI
STEMI

Question 10

location of the injury to the ventricular wall

Answer 10

anterior, inferior, posterior, or lateral wall

Question 11

point in time within the process of infarction

Answer 11

Acute
Evolving
Old

Question 12

identifies the type and location of the MI, and other ECG indicators, such as a Q wave, and patient history, identify the timing

Answer 12

12 lead ECG

Question 13

Clinical manifestations

Answer 13

Chest pain
SOB
indigestion
Nausea
Anxiety
Cool pale moist skim
Tachycardia

Question 14

Assessment and dx

Answer 14

12 lead ECG
Physical exam
Pt history
Electrocardiogram
Echocardiogram
Laboratory tests

Question 14

The expected ECG changes are

Answer 14

Twave inversion
St segment elevatiom
Abnormal Q wave

Question 14

The patient has clinical manifestations of coronary ischemia, but ECG and cardiac biomarkers show no evidence of acute MI.

Answer 14

Unstable angina

Question 15

The patient has ECG evidence of acute MI with characteristic changes in two contiguous leads on a 12-lead ECG. In this type of MI, there is a significant damage to the myocardium

Answer 15

STEMI

Question 16

The patient has elevated cardiac biomarkers (e.g., troponin) but no definite ECG evidence of acute MI. In this type of MI, there may be less damage to the myocardium.

Answer 16

NSTEMI

Question 17

is used to evaluate ventricular function. It may be used to assist in diagnosing an MI, especially when the ECG is nondiagnostic

Answer 17

Echocardiogram

Question 18

a protein found in myocardial cells, regulates the myocardial contractile process

Answer 18

Troponin

Question 18

Cardiac enzymes and biomarkers, which include…are used to diagnose an acute MI

Answer 18

Troponin
Creatine kinase
Myoglobin

Question 19

can detect hypokinetic and akinetic wall motion and can determine the ejection fraction

Answer 19

Echocardiogram

Question 20

There are three CK isoenzymes

Answer 20

CK-MM (skeletal muscle), CK-MB (heart muscle), and CK-BB (brain tissue

Question 21

is the cardiac-specific isoenzyme; it is found mainly in cardiac cells and therefore increases when there has been damage to these cells

Answer 21

CK-MB

Question 22

is a heme protein that helps transport oxygen. Like the CK-MB enzyme, it is found in cardiac and skeletal muscle

Answer 22

Myoglobin

Question 23

Medical mgt

Answer 23

MONA
PCI
Thrombolytics

Question 24

The procedure is used to open the occluded coronary artery and promote reperfusion to the area that has been deprived of oxygen.

Answer 24

PCI

Question 25

is initiated when primary PCI is not available or the transport time to a PCI-capable hospital is too long

Answer 25

Thrombolytic therapy

Question 26

Inpatient mgt

Answer 26

Aspirin, Ace inhibitor

Question 27

is an important continuing care program for patients with CAD that targets risk reduction by providing patient and family education, offering individual and group support, and encouraging physical activity and physical conditioning

Answer 27

Cardiac rehabilitation

Question 28

Nsg interventions

Answer 28

Relieve pain
Improve respiratory function
Promote adequate tissue perfusion
Reducing anxiety