Pneumonia Flashcards
is a form of acute respiratory
infection that is most commonly caused by viruses or bacteria. It can cause mild to life-threatening illness in people of all ages, however it is the single largest infectious cause of death in children worlelwide. (WHO)
Pneumonia
lungs are made up of small sacs called … which fill with air when a healthy
person breathes
Alveoli
When an individual haspneumonia, the alveoli are filled with … makes breathing painfuland limits oxygen intake.
Pus and fluid
Pneumonia spread by
Direct contact with infected people
Types and classification
Atypical
Bacterial
Viral
Fungal
Classification based on causative agent
Bacterial
Viral
Fungal
Aspiration
This type of pneumonia is primarily caused by bacteria, with streptococcus pneumoniae being the most common culprit.
Bacterial pneumonia
Viruses that causes viral pneumonia
influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and the coronavirus responsible for COVID-19,
is less common and typically affects individuals with weakened immune systems.
Fungal pneumonia
This type of pneumonia occurs
when foreign substances such as food, stomach acid, saliva entered the lungs
Aspiration pneumonia
Classification based on location
Lobar pneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
Affects one or more lobes of a lung. It often presents with distinct consolidation of lung tissue in a specific area, resulting in symptoms like high fever, chest pain, and productive cough.
Lobar pneumonia
is characterized by the inflammation and infection of small airways and bronchioles, rather than whole lobes. It often appears as patchy infiltrates on a chest X-ray and may result from various
causative agents.
Bronchopneumonia
is contracted in non-healthcare settings, such as the community, at home,or in public places.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
is acquired during a hospital stay or within a healthcare facility.
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)
subtype of HAP, patient has been endotracheally intubated and has received mechanical ventilatory for at least 48 hours
Ventilator-associated Pneumonia (VAP)
Typical pneumonia classic symptoms
High fever, productive cough, and pleuritic chest pain
Atypical pathogens that caused atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydophila pneumoniae
Symptoms of atypical pneumonia , requires antiviral
Dry cough, low grade fever
Severe form with lung tissue destruction
Necrotizing pneumonia
doesn’t resolve as expected and may need further investigation through tests like bronchoscopy or lung biopsy to identify underlying issues, with treatment tailored accordingly.
Persistent pneumonia
is treated with medications like corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs to manage inflammation and, in severe cases, lung transplantation may be considered.
Usual interstitial pneumonia
Clinical manifestations of pneumonia
Shaking chills
Rapidly rising fever (39.5 to 40.5)
Stabbing chest pain
Tachypnea, nasal flaring
Use of accessory muscles
Cough with purulent blood tinged rusty sputum
SOB
Flushed cheeks
Loss of appetite
Cyanosed lips and nail beds
Dx test
Chest xray
Physical exam
Sputum test
Blood tests
Pleural fluid tests
Bronchoscopy
Tx
Vaccination
Medication
Cover your mouth
Proper rest
Healthy food
Complications
Empyema
Pericarditis
Endobronchial obstruction
Atelectasis
Lung abscess
Pleurisy
Septicemia
Sepsis
Death
Worse chronic condition
Nsg mgt
□ Promoting Respiratory Health
□ Supporting Rest and Recovery
□ Ensuring Proper Nutrition
□ Education and Support
Infection of the space between the membranes surrounding the lungs
and chest cavity.
Empyema
Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart.
Pericarditis
Blockage of the airway that allows air into the lungs.
Endotracheal obstruction
Collapse of an entire lung or an area within the lung.
Atelectasis
Collection of pus in the lungs.
Lung abscess
Inflammation of the thin membranes between the lungs and ribcage.
Pleurisy
Infection in the blood that originated elsewhere in the body.
Septicemia
A life-threatening immune reaction to septicemia.
Sepsis
