Pneumothorax

Question 1

occurs when the parietal or visceral pleura is breached and the pleural space is exposed to positive atmospheric pressure

Answer 1

Pneumothorax

Question 2

is required to maintain lung inflation

Answer 2

Negative pressure

Question 3

Types of Pneumothorax

Answer 3

Simole, traumatic and tension pneumothorax

Question 4

occurs when air enters the pleural space through a breach of either the parietal or visceral pleura.

Answer 4

simple, or spontaneous, pneumothorax

Question 5

Most commonly, this occurs as air enters the pleural space through the

Answer 5

rupture of a bleb or a bronchopleural fistula

Question 6

A spontaneous pneumothorax may occur in an apparently healthy person in the absence of trauma due to…. On the surface of the lung, allowing air from the airways to enter the pleural cavity

Answer 6

rupture of an air-filled bleb, or blister

Question 7

It may be associated with

Answer 7

diffuse interstitial lung disease and severe emphysema

Question 8

occurs when air escapes from a laceration in the lung itself and enters the pleural space or from a wound in the chest wall

Answer 8

Traumatic pneumothorax

Question 9

TP may result from

Answer 9

blunt trauma
penetrating chest or abdominal trauma
diaphragmatic tears

Question 10

may occur during invasive thoracic procedures (i.e., thoracentesis, transbronchial lung biopsy, and insertion of a subclavian line) in which the pleura is inadvertently punctured

Answer 10

Traumatic pneumothorax

Question 11

A traumatic pneumothorax resulting from major injury to the chest is often accompanied

Answer 11

Hemothorax

Question 12

collection of blood in the pleural space resulting from torn intercostal vessels, lacerations of the great vessels, or lacerations of the lungs

Answer 12

Hemothorax

Question 13

both blood and air in the chest cavity is also common after major trauma

Answer 13

Hemopneumothorax

Question 14

can be classified as a traumatic pneumothorax as a result of the entry into the pleural space and the accumulation of air and fluid in the pleural space.

Answer 14

Chest surgery

Question 15

is one form of traumatic pneumothorax. It occurs when a
wound in the chest wall is large enough to allow air to pass freely in and out of the thoracic cavity with each attempted respiration

Answer 15

Open pneumothorax

Question 16

Because the rush of air through the wound in the chest wall produces a sucking sound, such injuries are termed

Answer 16

sucking chest wounds

Question 17

such patients, not only does the lung collapse, but the structures of the mediastinum (heart and great vessels) also shift toward the uninjured side with each inspiration and in the opposite direction with expiration

Answer 17

Mediastinal flutter or swing and produce circulatory problems

Question 18

occurs when air is drawn into the pleural space from a lacerated lung or through a small opening or wound in the chest wall. It may be a complication of other types of pneumothor

Answer 18

Tension pneumothorax

Question 19

occurs where air enters the pleural space but cannot escape

Answer 19

one-way valve or ball valve mechanism

Question 20

is increased within the affected pleural space. This causes the lung to collapse and the heart, the great vessels, and the trachea to shift toward the unaffected side of the chest (mediastinal shift

Answer 20

Tension (positive pressure)

Question 21

In extreme casesnof Tension pneumothorax, the pulse may be undetectable—this is known as

Answer 21

pulseless electrical activity

Question 22

Clinical manifestations

Answer 22

Pleuritic pain
Dyspnea
Tachypnea
Decreased chest expansion
Decreased or absent of breath sounds
Anxious
Air hunger use of accessory muscle
Central cyanosis
Severe Hypoxemia
Hyperresonance

Question 23

Medical mgt

Answer 23

Small test tube (fr 28)
large-diameter chest tube (32 Fr or greater)
autotransfusion
pressure dressing
Antibiotics
thoracentesis
Chest tube drainage
Thoracotomy
Supplemental oxygen
large-bore needle (14 gauge)

Question 24

used to re-expand the involved lung and to remove excess air, fluid, and blood, and may be used in patients who have had a thoracotomy

Answer 24

Chest tubes and a closed drainage system