Asthma Book Flashcards
is a heterogeneous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation
Asthma
This chronic inflammatory disease of the airways causes
airway hyperresponsiveness
mucosal edema
mucus production
This inflammation ultimately leads to recurrent episodes of asthma symptoms
cough, chest tightness, wheezing, and dyspnea
is the most common chronic disease of childhood, it can occur at any age.
Asthma
disruptive disease, affecting school and work attendance, occupational choices, physical activity, and general quality of life.
Asthma
Predisposing factors
Atopy
Female gender
Casual factors
Exposure to indoor and outdoor allergens
Occupational sensitizer
Contributing factors
Respi infection
Air pollution
Active/passive smoking
Diet
Microsomia
Factors causes
Inflammation
Inflammation causes
Hyper responsiveness of airways
Airflow limitations
Symptoms
Risk factors for exacerbations
Allergens
Respiratory infections
Exercise and hyperventilation
Weather changes
Exposure to sulfur dioxide
Exposure to food, additives, meds
percent of patients with asthma smoke, even though cigarette smoke is known to trigger an attack
21 percent
Percent of people without asthma smoke
17%
refers to patients who have clinical presentations of both conditions
Asthma-COPD
are at higher risk for having asthma–COPD overlap
Smokers
Contributing to these disparities are epidemiologic considerations and risk factors that include
genetic and molecular aspects;
inner-city environments;
limited community assets;
health care access/delivery/and quality;
and insufficient health insurance
coverage
Unlike other obstructive lung diseases, asthma is
Largely reversible, spontaneous or tx
is the strongest predisposing factor for asthma
Allergy
Common allergens
Seasonal or Perennial
Seasonal allergens
grass, tree, weed pollens
Perennial allergens
mold, dust, roaches, animal dander
Common triggers for asthma symptoms and exacerbations
Airway irritants
Foods
exercise, stress, hormonal factors, medications, viral respiratory tract infections, and gastroesophageal refl
is reversible diffuse airway inflammation that leads to long-term airway narrowing.
Asthma
This narrowing, which is exacerbated by various changes in the airway, includes
bronchoconstriction, airway edema, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling
all play a key role in the inflammation of asthma
Mast cells, macrophages, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils
When activated, mast cells release several chemicals called
Mediators
chemicals and other mediators, perpetuate the inflammatory response
histamine, bradykinin, prostanoids, cytokines, leukotrienes,