Cardiomegaly Flashcards
also known as an enlarged heart, is a medical condition in which the heart becomes larger than its normal size. It is often referred to simply as “having an enlarged heart.”
Cardiomegaly
can be generalized to all chambers or involve only the left or right heart chambers, or even a single chamber, depending on the location and type of underlying lesion(s).
Cardiomegaly
Acquired Etiology
Ischemic cardiac disease
High blood pressure
Cardiomyopathy
Heart valve disease
Heart attack
Thyroid disease
Arrhythmias
Congenital Etiology
Congenital conditions
*ASD
*VSD
Coarctation of the aorta
Patent ductus botalli
Ebsteins anomaly
Tetralogy of Fallot
occurs when narrowed arteries, caused by fatty deposits that build up in arteries, prevent blood from getting to heart.
Ischemic cardiac disease
may be a progressive cardiac disease with several types. Diseases that damage the cardiac muscle can cause it to enlarge. The more damage that happens, the weaker and less able to pump the heart becomes.
Cardiomyopathy
Infections, connective tissue diseases, and a few medications can damage the valves that keep blood flowing within the right direction through heart. When blood flows backwards,the heart needs to work harder to push it out.
Heart valve disease
During heart failure, blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked completely. the shortage of oxygen-rich blood damages the heart muscle.
Heart attack
d produces hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism. Both overproduction
(hyperthyroidism) and underproduction (hypothyroidism) of those hormones can affect the pulse rate, blood pressure, and size of the heart.
Thyroid disease
a hole within the wall separating the two upper chambers of the heart
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
a hole within the wall
separating the two lower chambers of the heart
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
a narrowing of the aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the whole of the body
Coarctation of the aorta
a hole within the aort
Coarctation of the aorta
The issue with the valve that separates the two right chambers of the heart (atrium and ventricle)
Ebstein’s anomaly,
a mixture of birth defects that disrupt the regular flow of blood through the heart
Tetralogy of fallot
Tetralogy of fallot
Pulmonary strnosis
Righ ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding aorta
Ventricular septal defect
Other possible causes
COPD
Myocarditis
Pulmonary hypertension
Anemia
Connective tissue
Diseases, scleroderma
Drug and alcohol use
Risk fx
High blood pressure
Family hx of cardiomegaly and cardiomyopathy
Congenital cardiac disease
Heart valve disease
Dx
Chest xray
ECG or EKG
Blood tests
Cardiovascular tests
Chest radiography
Dx in pregnancy
Fetal echocardiogram
diagnose heart defects within the unborn baby. This test uses sound waves to form pictures of the baby’s heart.
Fetal echocardiogram
Tx and mgt
smoking cessation, limiting alcohol intake, weightloss, exercise, and consuming a healthy diet
ACE Inhibitor or ARB
Beta bockers
Diuretics and salt restrictions
Hydralazine/nitrate combined with other meds
Complications
Heart failure
Blood clots
Heart murmur
Cardia arrest and sudden death
your cardiac muscle weakens, and also the ventricles stretch (dilate) to the point that the heart can’t pump blood efficiently throughout body.
Heart failure
They will block blood flow to vital organs, even causing an attack orstroke
Boood clots
Clots that develop on the right side of your heart may travel to your lungs, a
dangerous condition called a
Pulmonary embolism
Two of the heart’s four valves (the mitral and tricuspid valves) might not close properly because they become dilated, resulting in a backflow of blood. This flow creates soundscalled
Heart murmur
Prevention
*Eat a heart-healthy diet.
*Limit salt, saturated, and trans fats.
*Avoid tobacco and alcohol.
*Exercise regularly.
*Monitor blood pressure and cholesterol.
