Cardiomegaly

Question 1

also known as an enlarged heart, is a medical condition in which the heart becomes larger than its normal size. It is often referred to simply as “having an enlarged heart.”

Answer 1

Cardiomegaly

Question 2

can be generalized to all chambers or involve only the left or right heart chambers, or even a single chamber, depending on the location and type of underlying lesion(s).

Answer 2

Cardiomegaly

Question 3

Acquired Etiology

Answer 3

Ischemic cardiac disease
High blood pressure
Cardiomyopathy
Heart valve disease
Heart attack
Thyroid disease
Arrhythmias

Question 4

Congenital Etiology

Answer 4

Congenital conditions
*ASD
*VSD
Coarctation of the aorta
Patent ductus botalli
Ebsteins anomaly
Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 5

occurs when narrowed arteries, caused by fatty deposits that build up in arteries, prevent blood from getting to heart.

Answer 5

Ischemic cardiac disease

Question 6

may be a progressive cardiac disease with several types. Diseases that damage the cardiac muscle can cause it to enlarge. The more damage that happens, the weaker and less able to pump the heart becomes.

Answer 6

Cardiomyopathy

Question 7

Infections, connective tissue diseases, and a few medications can damage the valves that keep blood flowing within the right direction through heart. When blood flows backwards,the heart needs to work harder to push it out.

Answer 7

Heart valve disease

Question 8

During heart failure, blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked completely. the shortage of oxygen-rich blood damages the heart muscle.

Answer 8

Heart attack

Question 9

d produces hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism. Both overproduction
(hyperthyroidism) and underproduction (hypothyroidism) of those hormones can affect the pulse rate, blood pressure, and size of the heart.

Answer 9

Thyroid disease

Question 10

a hole within the wall separating the two upper chambers of the heart

Answer 10

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

Question 11

a hole within the wall
separating the two lower chambers of the heart

Answer 11

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Question 12

a narrowing of the aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the whole of the body

Answer 12

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 13

a hole within the aort

Answer 13

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 14

The issue with the valve that separates the two right chambers of the heart (atrium and ventricle)

Answer 14

Ebstein’s anomaly,

Question 15

a mixture of birth defects that disrupt the regular flow of blood through the heart

Answer 15

Tetralogy of fallot

Question 16

Tetralogy of fallot

Answer 16

Pulmonary strnosis
Righ ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding aorta
Ventricular septal defect

Question 17

Other possible causes

Answer 17

COPD
Myocarditis
Pulmonary hypertension
Anemia
Connective tissue
Diseases, scleroderma
Drug and alcohol use

Question 18

Risk fx

Answer 18

High blood pressure
Family hx of cardiomegaly and cardiomyopathy
Congenital cardiac disease
Heart valve disease

Question 19

Dx

Answer 19

Chest xray
ECG or EKG
Blood tests
Cardiovascular tests
Chest radiography

Question 20

Dx in pregnancy

Answer 20

Fetal echocardiogram

Question 21

diagnose heart defects within the unborn baby. This test uses sound waves to form pictures of the baby’s heart.

Answer 21

Fetal echocardiogram

Question 22

Tx and mgt

Answer 22

smoking cessation, limiting alcohol intake, weightloss, exercise, and consuming a healthy diet

ACE Inhibitor or ARB
Beta bockers
Diuretics and salt restrictions
Hydralazine/nitrate combined with other meds

Question 23

Complications

Answer 23

Heart failure
Blood clots
Heart murmur
Cardia arrest and sudden death

Question 24

your cardiac muscle weakens, and also the ventricles stretch (dilate) to the point that the heart can’t pump blood efficiently throughout body.

Answer 24

Heart failure

Question 25

They will block blood flow to vital organs, even causing an attack orstroke

Answer 25

Boood clots

Question 26

Clots that develop on the right side of your heart may travel to your lungs, a
dangerous condition called a

Answer 26

Pulmonary embolism

Question 27

Two of the heart’s four valves (the mitral and tricuspid valves) might not close properly because they become dilated, resulting in a backflow of blood. This flow creates soundscalled

Answer 27

Heart murmur

Question 28

Prevention

Answer 28

*Eat a heart-healthy diet.
*Limit salt, saturated, and trans fats.
*Avoid tobacco and alcohol.
*Exercise regularly.
*Monitor blood pressure and cholesterol.