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NCM118 > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways which develops under the allergens influence

A

Asthma

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2
Q

Asthma associates with

A

bronchial hyperresponsiveness and reversible obstruction

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3
Q

Asthma manifests with attacks of

A

dyspnea, breathlessness, cough, wheezing, chest tightness and
sibilant rales more expressed at
breathing-out.

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4
Q

is a respiratory allergic disease, the influence of allergens permeated into the organism through airways is essential for the disease development.

A

Asthma

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5
Q

are contained in the air of apartment houses

A

Communal allergens

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6
Q

Example of communal allergens

A

House-dust mites
Fur of domestic animals
Vital products of domestic insects
Tobacco smoke
Aerosols and synthetic ingredients

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7
Q

Occupational exposure

A

Dusts (industrial or wood)
Chemical fumes
Vapors
Molds

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8
Q

Pharmacological exposure

A

Antibiotics
Vaccines
Serums

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9
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Trigger factor. Airway inflammation= hypersecretion of mucus, airwaysmuscle contraction, swelling bronchial membranes. Narrow breathing passages=Wheezing, cough, SOB, Tightness in chest

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10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of asthma?

A
  • Chest tightness, pain or pressure.
  • Coughing (especially at night).
  • Shortness of breath.
    Wheezing
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11
Q

Symptoms ≤ 2x a week

A

Mild intermittent

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12
Q

Sx > 2x a week but < once a day

A

Mild persistent

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13
Q

Daily symptoms

A

Moderate persistent

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14
Q

Continuous symptoms

A

Severe persistent

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15
Q

Asymptomatic and normal PEF between exacerbations

A

Mild intermittent

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16
Q

Exacerbations can affect daily activity

A

Mild persistent

17
Q

Exacerbations 2x a week

A

Moderate persistent

18
Q

Limitations in Physical activity

A

Severe persistent

19
Q

Exacerbations brief (from a few hours to a few days); intensity may vary

A

Mild intermittent

20
Q

Exacerbations can affect daily activities

A

Moderate persistent

21
Q

Frequent exacerbations

A

Severe persistent

22
Q

Night time sx < twice a month

A

Mild intermittent

23
Q

Night time sx> 2x a month

A

Mild persistent

24
Q

Night time sx > once a week

A

Moderate persistent

25
Q

Frequent night time sx

A

Severe persistent

26
Q

FEV1 or PEF > 80% of predicted value

A

Mild intermittent

27
Q

FEV1 or PEF ≥ 80% of predicted value

A

Mild persistent

28
Q

FEV1 or PEF >60 - <80% of predicted value

A

Moderate persistent

29
Q

FEV1 or PEF ≤60% of predicted value

A

Severe persistent

30
Q

PEF variability < 20%

A

Mild intermittent

31
Q

PEF variability 20% - 30%

A

Mild persistent

32
Q

PEF variability > 30%

A

Moderate persistent & severe persistent

33
Q

Steps in testing and diagnosis

A

√Medical history
√Physical exam
√Spirometry
√Exhaled nitric oxide test
Additional Tests:
*X-ray or computerized tomography (CT) imaging of your chest.
*CT scans of your sinuses.
-Blood tests
*Gastroesophageal reflux assessment.
-Testing of the phlegm in your lungs for signs of a viral or bacterial
infection.

34
Q

Mgt of Asthma

A

Adrenergics (Beta 2 Agonists - Albuterol)
Steroids
Theophylline
Hydration (IV)
Mask O2
Anticholinergics

35
Q

The complications of asthma exacerbations are:

A

pneumothorax
Lung atelectasis
Pneumonia
Acute or subacute cor pulmonale
Asthmatic status

36
Q

Asthma in childhood leads to

A

Growth inhibition
Thoracic deformation

36
Q

Persistent asthma causes:

A

Fibrosing bronchitis
Small bronchi deformation and obliteration
Emphysema
Pneumosclerosis
Chronic respiratory Failure
Chronic Cor pulmonale

37
Q

Life-threatening under certain circumstances:

A
  1. Severe Airway Obstruction
  2. Respiratory Failure
  3. Silent Asthma
  4. Status Asthmaticus
  5. Asthma-Related Complications
  6. Triggers and Individual Variability
  7. Medication Non-Compliance
  8. Lack of Access to Healthcare

NCM118 (23 decks)

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