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Public Health Flashcards

1
Q

study of disease in population groups

A

epidemiology

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2
Q

number of new cases of disease

A

incidence

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3
Q

number of people with disease

A

morbidity (aka prevalence)

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4
Q

number of people who died

A

mortality

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5
Q

prevalence and incidence

A

frequency

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6
Q

exposed risk versus unexposed risk

A

risk ratio (aka relative risk)

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7
Q

the disease rate in exposed subjects

A

attributable risk

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8
Q

length of time from exposure to expression of disease

A

incubation

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9
Q

strength of disease

A

virulence

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10
Q

ability to defend the body form invasion

A

immunity

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11
Q

a distinct group of people that have something in common

A

cohort

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12
Q

what are the alcoholic questions

A

CAGE

cut down
annoyed
guilty
eye opener

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13
Q

social learning includes

A 
behaviors 
determinism 
expectation 
self efficacy 
observational learning 
reinforcement
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14
Q

community organization theory includes

A

empowerment, competence, participation, issue selection, critical consciousness

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15
Q

what is the change theory

A

awareness
action/adoption
implementation
instititionalalization of change

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16
Q

theory that discusses new ideas and choices

A

innovation theory

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17
Q

the way of living, values, beliefs, standards, and patterns

A

culture

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18
Q

what is western medicine

A

meliorism - to improve
activisim - to do something
dominance - control nature
standaradize - treat same with culture blindness

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19
Q

form of reasoning in which conclusions are formulated about particulars from general or universal premises

A

deductive

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20
Q

average number of times in multiple testing that one expects to obtain a test statistic at least as extreme as the one that was actually observed

A

E value

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21
Q

form of reasoning in which a generalized conclusion is formulated from a particular instance

A

Inductive

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22
Q

average score within distribution

A

mean

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23
Q

measure of variation that indicates average deviation of scores in a distribution

A

mean deviation

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24
Q

center score in a distribution

A

median

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25
most frequent score in a distribution
mode
26
value of statistical significance of testing
P value
27
gold standard in research
RCT
28
compare to past evaluation
retrospective
29
measure of variation that indicates typical distance between score of a distribution
standard deviation
30
degree to which a study accurately reflects or assess specific concept that researcher is attempting to measure
validity
31
what is " healthy people"
organized national approach to public health planning started in 1979 467 objectives individual health is inseparable from the larger community health
32
what is the vision of 2020
live long happy lives and focus on priorities, awareness, measure actions YPLL - years potential life lost
33
what is the WHO world, federal, or state?
world health organization coordinates efforts to improve health throughout world
34
what is the APHA world, federal, or state?
American public health association largest most diverse public health organization of health professionals in the world
35
what is the USPHS world, federal, or state?
United States public health service national public health agency
36
what is the CDC world, federal, or state?
epidemiological studies research in disease and prevention
37
what is the ATSDR world, federal, or state?
agency for toxic substance and disease registry reviews reports of all public health assessment before information is disclosed to the public
38
what is the NPL world, federal, or state?
national priorities list special US EPA list of nation hazardous waste sites
39
what is the NIOSH world, federal, or state?
national institute for occupational safety and health department of health and human services - researches a creates occupational laws
40
what is the DOH
department of health
41
what is the EPA
environmental protection agency
42
what is the PHD
public health department
43
what is the DEP
department of environmental protection
44
what is the OSHA
occupational safety and health administration enforce laws in the workplace
45
who is OSHA run by
department of labor
46
activity level should consist of what
aerobic 30 minutes daily vigorous 20 minutes 3x week
47
what is primary prevention
prevention of occurrence of incidence of illness or injury
48
what is secondary prevention
prevention of disease or injury progression
49
what is tertiary prevention
prevention of permanent disability or death due to illness or injury
50
what is the chiropractic wellness model
manual procedures to promote illness screen for risk factors health behavior counseling
51
arthritis affects what % of Americans and MC form
25% OA
52
what affects the top 3 killers in America
hypertension heart, cancer, stroke
53
how many people are overweight
> 1 billion in the world
54
what does tobacco cause to ``` in utero adults risk pregnant diseases ```
``` in utero - premature or still born adults - CVD risk - normal after 15 yrs cessation pregnant - 15-17 yr old MC diseases - COPD, small cell cancer, stroke, GRAVES, DM ```
55
how many deaths per year
37 billion annually
56
spouses and exspouses kill by __
guns
57
boyfriend killed by __
knives
58
girlfriends killed by __
force
59
__ % are female victims __% are male attackers
75% 75%
60
hate crimes were mostly associated with what
religion 66%
61
what are the leading health indicators
``` physical activity obesity tobacco substance abuse sexual behavior mental health injury environment access to health ```
62
smog usually causes what
low level ozone
63
what's found in soil which causes cancer if inhaled
radon
64
what is the process of increasing oxygen saturation of water
aeration
65
what are hard water contaminants that increase heart disease
Mg | Ca
66
what are essentially lined garbage dumps to reduce water pollution
secure landfills
67
what type of waste is used to make energy
combustible waste
68
what are the hazardous wastes on the F, P, and U lists
F - solvents P - discarded chemicals U - unused chemicals
69
what wastes are acids and bases that can eat metal and fatal if ingested
corrosive waste
70
what wastes are unstable and can explode or ignite
reactive waste
71
what are the different forms of sewage treatments
primary treatment - screens and filters sedimentation - anaerobic bacteria secondary treatment - trickles through a bed of stones - aerobic bacteria for sludge - aeration to oxidize tertiary treatment - added filters, chemicals, or chlorination
72
what water sewage treatment removes the most solids
primary - 60% | secondary - 90%
73
what is the term that means what's left as suspended solid after the primary filtering process? these solids can be used for what
effluent bio-solids --> fertilizers
74
what are the different stages of secondary sewage treatment
flocculation - clarify water by removing turbidity - coagulated clumps are filtered out by filters deflocculation - prevents coagulation and clumping - dispense particles bioremediation - microbes to break down pollutants - pseudomonas and bacillus MC
75
what diseases are transmitted through the air
TB, SARs, legionairs, anthrax, influenza
76
what disease are transmitted through food and water
``` giardiasis cholera parasites staph botulism cryptosporidium ```
77
what are the vectors for ``` malaria plague lymes west nile virus rabies ```
malaria - anopheles mosquito - plasmodium parasite plague - fleas - yersinia pestis lymes - deer tick west nile virus - mosquito rabies - animals
78
what infectious diseases can effect in utero or perinatal
TORCHS ``` toxoplasmosis other (HIV, varicella) rubella cytomegalovirus herpes simplex syphilis ```
79
what are artificially acquired adaptive immunity
vaccination
80
what is the number one reason for hospital admissions
mental illness
81
what is the most common barrier of mental illness
shame
82
ratio of depression for men and women
1: 4 women 1: 10 men
83
suicide is the __ leading cause of death in the ages of ___
3rd 15-25 yrs old
84
what is the most common form of OCD
fear of dirt and germs
85
substance abuse costs society over __ annually
500 billion
86
what is the most common psychoactive drug in the US
alcohol MC in 21-25 yr old
87
what is most common illicit drug use
marijuanna
88
drug abuse most common in what age
18-20 yrs old

Part 2 Boards (34 decks)

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