General Diagnosis Flashcards
what’s the most accurate way to take temperature
anal
what’s the most acceptable way to take temperature
otic
oral
what temperature changes occur with bacterial and viral conditions
bacterial - sustained high
viral - spikes, fevers, chills
what causes absent red light reflex
cataracts
retinal detachment
what will increased intracranial pressure cause to the eye
papilledema
what condition will caused blurred vision and halos
glaucoma
what causes waxy exudates and micro aneurysms in the eye
diabetic retinopathy
what causes flame hemorrhages and cotton wool spots in the eye
hypertension
what condition causes scintillating scotomas
MS
what ear conditions causes a crusty discharge
otitis externa
what ear condition causes a bulging tympanum
otitis media
what ear condition causes a retracted tympanum
serous otitis media
what is a common complication of ear infections
meningitis
what if the tympanum appears black? or pearly gray?
black - perforation
pearly gray - normal
what causes the eardrum to turn chalky and white
otosclerosis
what are sensorineural losses of hearing
presbycusis
neuroma
menieres
what are conduction losses of hearing
infection
cerumen
otosclerosis
what if the nose appears red
what if the nose appears pale, gray, or blue
acute rhinitis
chronic rhinitis
what would cause a clear discharge running from the nose? may contain blood
CSF
what would cause a unilateral watery discharge from the nose
cribriform plate fracture
how do you compare malignant from benign lymph node
malignant - non mobile and non tender
benign - mobile and tender
where does lymph drain
right 1/4 of body - right upper
left 3/4 of body - entire lower and left upper
what is epistaxis
nose bleed
where does the pancreas live
retroperitoneal
what occurs in the head of the pancreas
what occurs in the tail of the pancreas
head - pancreatitis and cancer
body - diabetes
what vertebral level is pancreas located
T10
what causes ecchymosis on the flanks which leaves the patient in the fetal position
what is this MC caused by
pancreatitis
alcoholism
what causes polydipsia, pyuria, polyphasic
diabetes
what are the differences between the two types of diabetes
type 1 - juvenile, insulin dependent
type 2 - late onset, obese, receptor site dysfunction
what is the most dangerous and life threatening form of diabetes
gestational
what are tests for diabetes
FBS, GGT, A1C
what is the process of glycation
when sugar combines with protein causing inflammation
what is the mnemonic for gallbladder conditions
fair female fat forty fertile
what do you need to diagnose a peptic or duodenal ulcer
barium study
virchows node on the left
stomach cancer
what is mcburneys sign indicative of
appendicitis
what tests are used to check for appendicitis
psoas test
blumbergs - RLQ rebound tenderness
rovings - LLQ rebound tenderness
Markle - heel jar
what is the test used to check b12
schillings test
what is out pouching the colon
what do these people need
diverticulosis
fiber
what condition involves skip lesions, string sign, and rectal bleeding
crohns
what condition involves stress, bloody diarrhea, megacolon, and stool transplants
ulcerative colitis
how does b12 pathology occur
gastritis –>
pernicious anemia –>
posterolateral sclerosis
what is posterolateral sclerosis
symptoms
combined systems disease
stocking and glove paresthesia
bowel sounds are increased when? and decreased when?
increased due to early obstruction
decreased due to late obstruction
what are fluid wave and puddle sign used to test for
ascites
what are signs of acute hepatitis
tender liver swollen boggy IgM decrease WBC
what are signs of chronic hepatitis
non tender liver swollen boggy IgG increase WBC
what are signs of cirrhosis
non tender liver
hard smooth
increase GGT
what are signs of liver cancer
non tender
swollen
hard nodular
what vertebral level is the kidney located
T12-L3
which kidney is slightly lower than the other
right is slightly lower than the left
what condition causes painless bleeding in the urine
kidney cancer
if all casts are present in the urine, what condition is presents
nephrosis
if red or white casts are present in the urine, what condition is presents
nephritic
red - glomerulonephritis
white - pyelonephritis
which hemorrhoids are consider painful and have bloody defecation
internal hemorrhoids (prolapsed)
which hemorrhoids are considered pain free unless defecating
external hemorrhoids (thrombosed)
what is it called when a donut shaped anus is produced on defecation
rectal prolapse
what is a linear tear that produces bloody defecation
rectal fissure
what are characteristics of viral pneumonia or pleural effusion
percussion: resonance
normal fremitus
what are characteristics of atelectasis or tumor in the lung
percussion: flat
decreased fremitus
what are the characteristics of magenblase or flatulence
percussion: tympanny
normal fremitus
what are the characteristics of bacterial pneumonia, CHF, and pulmonary edema
percussion: dull
increased fremitus
what are the characteristics of COPD, emphysema, and pneumothorax
percussion: hyper resonance
decreased fremitus
wheezing is usually associated with what
asthma
prolonged expiration is associated with what
COPD
respiratory lag is usually associated with what
pneumothorax
friction rub is associated with what
pleurisy or enlarged viscera
rhonchi is associated with what
bronchial or tracheal obstruction
adventitious sounds indicate what
fluid in the lungs
pink puffer indicates what
balloon lungs or emphysema
blue bloater indicates what
chronic bronchitis
what is the treatment for hyperventilation
CO2
yellow green sputum
bronchiectasis
chronic bronchitis
rusty sputum
pneumococcal
red currant jelly sputum
klebsiella
foul sputum
lung abscess
pink sputum
streptococcal
pink and frothy sputum
CHF
pulmonary edema
red sputum
TB
infarct
cancer
