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Part 2 Boards > Neuromusculoskeletal > Flashcards

Neuromusculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

what are characteristics of the following lesions: radiculopathy, neuropathy, myelopathy

UMN or LMN
describe symptoms

A

radiculopathy - LMN. dermatomal. lateral flexion and rotation. IVF

neuropathy - LMN. peripheral nerve. extremity. causalgia (burning nerve pain)

myelopathy - UMN. neck flexion. bilateral symptoms

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2
Q

what is charcots triad

A

scanning speech
intention tremor
nystagmus

(cerebellum)

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3
Q

cerebellum is responsible for what

tests

disease that effect structure and cause what

A

motor speech gait

heel to shin
diadochokinesia
finger to nose

motor ataxia

alcohol
MS

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4
Q

posterior columns are responsible for what

tests

disease that effects structure and cause what

A

sensory, 2 point discrimination. vibration, proprioception

rombergs, 2 pins, 128 tuning fork, toe placement

sensory ataxia

syphilis
MS
PLS
DM

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5
Q

corticospinal tract are responsible for

tests

what effects this

A

motor

muscle test

UMN lesion

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6
Q

pyramidal tracts are responsible for

test

LMN

A

voluntary motor

DTR

LMN

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7
Q

what are characteristics of UMN

A 
spastic paralysis 
increase DTR
pathological reflex 
clonus 
hypertrophy

CNS BILATERAL

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8
Q

what are characteristics of LMN

A

flaccid paralysis
decrease DTR
muscle atrophy

PNS UNILATERAL

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9
Q

what is PLS

due to

what are symptoms

A

posterolateral sclerosis

not enough b12

stocking and glove paresthesia

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10
Q

what are UMN lesions

what are LMN lesions

A

UMN - CVA, tumor, MS, ALS

LMN - DISC, PNE, IVF, MS, ALS

ALS and MS are BOTH UMN and LMN

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11
Q

what are 5 motor neurological diseases

A 
Erb Duchennes 
Myasthenia Gravis 
ALS 
Cerebral palsy 
Parkinsons
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12
Q

what are 6 motor and sensory diseases

A 
syringomyelia 
MS 
PLS 
brow sequard 
Gillian barre 
charcot marie tooth
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13
Q

gowers sign is seen in what

A

erb duchennes

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14
Q

what condition is seen in young boys that display difficulty walking or waddling with weak muscles

blood panel

A

erb Duchennes

cpk-mm, creatinuria, albuminuria

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15
Q

what are the symptoms of myasthenia gravis

A 
diplopia*
masked faces*
fatigue 
difficulty swallowing 
intermittent*
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16
Q

where does ALS symptoms start

A

intrinisc hand muscles

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17
Q

what disease effects the myoneural junction

A

myasthenia graves

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18
Q

which conditions are UMN and LMN effectors

A

MS and ALS

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19
Q

what are the movements seen in cerebral palsy

A

athetoid and choreiform movement

scissors gait

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20
Q

what is another term for Parkinson’s

A

paralysis agitans

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21
Q

syringomyelia has unilateral or bilateral symptoms

A

bilateral

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22
Q

what parts of the brain are affected by Parkinson’s

A

substantia nigra and basal ganglia (dopamine)

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23
Q

what type of tremor is seen in parkinsons

A

resting tremor

pill rolling tremor

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24
Q

what are symptoms of Parkinsons

A

blank stare
masked faces
festinating gait*
resting tremor*

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25
Q

what is a cavitation that expands into other tracts

where is it usually found

A

syringomyelia

cervicals

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26
Q

what is typically lost first in syringomyelia

A

pain and temperature loss in a CAPELIKE or SHAWL like distribution

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27
Q

what disease causes demyelination of the cord and plaques form

A

MS

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28
Q

symptoms of MS

A

diplopia
intention tremor
speech

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29
Q

L hermittes is positive in what condition

A

MS and myelopathy

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30
Q

how does PLS occur

A

gastritis leads to anemia which leads to PLS (b12)

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31
Q

symptoms of PLS

A

glove and stocking paresthesia
weakness
pain and temp loss

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32
Q

what is hemisection of the cord with ipsilateral loss of motor function and contralateral loss of pain and temp

A

brown sequared

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33
Q

what is a rapidly ascending polyneuropathy after a viral infection

A

Guillian barre

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34
Q

what is another term for charcot Marie tooth disease

A

peroneal disease

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35
Q

what condition is characterized by calf weakness and sensory loss with steppage gait

A

charcot marie tooth

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36
Q

what are vertiginous diseases

A

menieres - CN7 - tinnitus, vertigo, deafness, unilateral

barre lieous - post trauma - same symptoms as menieres

labyrinthritis - post trauma and motion dizziness

BPPV - post trauma with fatigable nystagmus and vertigo

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37
Q

what is inflammation of the costal cartilages along the anteromedial chest wall that mimics a heart attack

A

tietzes

aka costochondritis

38
Q

what causes upper and lower extremity symptoms neurologically

A

cord compression

myelopathy

39
Q

people with severe cord injuries often die of __ during bedridden

A

pneumonia

40
Q

what are the symptoms of cauda equine

A

s2-4
lose bowel and bladder control
saddle paresthesia

41
Q

what interupts the sympathetics to the face and what are the causes

symptoms

A

horners syndrome

whiplash, TOS, birth, tumor

anhydrosis
ptosis
miosis
flushing of the face

42
Q

wrist extensors cord segment

A

C6

43
Q

wrist flexors cord segment

A

C7

44
Q

finger extensors cord segment

A

C7

45
Q

finger flexors cord segment

A

C8

46
Q

interossei cord segment

A

T1

47
Q

gluteus medius cord segment

A

L5

48
Q

gluteus maximus cord segment

A

S1

49
Q

what’s the LIC rule

A

nerve root - disc - IVF

cervical - L - 433

thoracic - I - 444

lumbar - C - 434

50
Q

dermatomal landmarks

C2
C3
T2
T4
T7
T10
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
S1
S2
S3
A 
C2 - SCALP
C3 - NAPE NECK 
T2 - AXILLA 
T4 - NIPPLE 
T7 - XIPHOID 
T10- UMBILLICUS 
L1 - INGUINAL LIG AND UPPER THIGH 
L2- MIDDLE THIGH 
L3- KNEE
L4- MEDIAL LEG 
L5- TOP OF FOOT 
S1- LITTLE TOE 
S2- POSTERIOR THIGH 
S3-4 - BULLS EYE
51
Q

what is the muscle test grading scale

A 
5 - full ROM and resistance 
4 - full ROM and some resistance
3 - full ROM against gravity 
2 - movement without gravity 
1 - contraction no movement 
0 - nothing
52
Q

what lumbar disc lesion causes bilateral symptoms

A

central

53
Q

medial lumbar disc herniation antalgia to what side

A

ipsi side of lesion

54
Q

lateral lumbar disc herniation antalgia to what side

A

contra side of lesion

55
Q

subrhizal (aka ___) lumbar disc herniation antalgia to what side

A

posterior

antalgia foraward

56
Q

what is the reflex grading system

A 
5 - sustained clonus 
4 - transient clonus 
3 - hyperreflexia 
2- normal 
1- hyporelfexia 
0- nothing
57
Q

what’s DRCUMAB

A

drop hand - radial
claw hand - ulna
able and benediction hand - median

58
Q

what are the pathological reflexes

A

BCOGS - extensor toe response

RH

babinski 
chaddocks 
oppenheims 
gordons 
schaefers 
rossolimos 
hoffmans
59
Q

what reflex occurs when you stroke around the lateral malleolus

A

chaddocks

60
Q

what reflex occurs when you stroke down the tibia

A

oppenheims

61
Q

what reflex occurs when you squeeze the calf

A

gordons

62
Q

what reflex occurs when you squeeze the Achilles

A

schaefers

63
Q

what reflex occurs when you tap the ball of the foot

A

rossolimos

64
Q

what reflex occurs when you flick the phalanx down and it causes flexion of finger and thumb

A

Hoffmans

65
Q

scapular flaring is caused by what nerve entrapment

A

dorsal scapular

66
Q

psoas spasm can cause what nerve entrapment

A

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

67
Q

Mortons neuroma can cause what nerve entrapment

A

tibial

68
Q

flexed 4th and 5th digit which is caused by a red ropey fascia

A

dupuytrens

69
Q

describe the gait disturbances

festination 
motor ataxia 
sensory ataxia 
steppage 
glut med lurch 
glut max lurch 
curcumduction 
waddling 
scissors
A

festination - shuffling, propulsion, mincing, resting tremors

motor ataxia - staggering, cerebellum, intention tremors

sensory ataxia - slappage

steppage - L4 foot drop

glut med lurch - L5 sway over weight bearing leg

glut max lurch - S1 AP sway

curcumduction - CVA, weak quads

waddling - MD, clumsy, weak, toe walker

scissors - CP, adductor spasm, toe walker

70
Q

causalgia describes what kind of pain

A

burning nerve pain

71
Q

ulcer pain is described as

A

gnawing

72
Q

what is normal femoral angle

A

120-130

73
Q

what is runners knee

A

chondromalacia patella

74
Q

what is jumpers knee

A

patellar tendonitis

75
Q

what is hoffa sign

A

infrapatellar fat pad

76
Q

what hip condition clicks when bicycling and walking stairs

A

trochanteric bursitis

77
Q

hypertension and metabolic headaches are worse when

A

in the morning

78
Q

when do hypoglycemic headaches occur

A

2 hours after eating

79
Q

tension headaches are described as

occur when

A

bilateral and band like
stress related

afternoon

80
Q

what two signs are positive for meningitis

A

brudzinskis sign

kernigs sign

81
Q

nocturnal head pain indicates what

A

tumor

82
Q

worse headache ever felt indicates what

A

CVA

83
Q

constant head pain related to polymyalgia rheumatica

A

temporal arteritis

84
Q

describe meningitis pain

what hurts them

A

constant and generalized

can’t flex

85
Q

what are characteristics of classical migraines

A

aura
nausea
vomiting

3-5 days long

made worse by tyramine

86
Q

cluster headaches occur when

A

every 1-2 hours

wakes you up two hours after sleeping

87
Q

what causes causalgia when you squeeze the foot

A

Mortons neuroma

88
Q

what causes non burning pain when you squeeze the foot

A

metatarsalagia

89
Q

what is tic douloureux

A

trigeminal neuralgia

15 seconds of pain
episodic

90
Q

trochlear nerve damage causes what

A

eye down and in

91
Q

what is Allens test

A

patency of radial and ulnar pulse

Part 2 Boards (34 decks)

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