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Neuromusculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

what are characteristics of the following lesions: radiculopathy, neuropathy, myelopathy

UMN or LMN
describe symptoms

A

radiculopathy - LMN. dermatomal. lateral flexion and rotation. IVF

neuropathy - LMN. peripheral nerve. extremity. causalgia (burning nerve pain)

myelopathy - UMN. neck flexion. bilateral symptoms

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2
Q

what is charcots triad

A

scanning speech
intention tremor
nystagmus

(cerebellum)

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3
Q

cerebellum is responsible for what

tests

disease that effect structure and cause what

A

motor speech gait

heel to shin
diadochokinesia
finger to nose

motor ataxia

alcohol
MS

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4
Q

posterior columns are responsible for what

tests

disease that effects structure and cause what

A

sensory, 2 point discrimination. vibration, proprioception

rombergs, 2 pins, 128 tuning fork, toe placement

sensory ataxia

syphilis
MS
PLS
DM

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5
Q

corticospinal tract are responsible for

tests

what effects this

A

motor

muscle test

UMN lesion

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6
Q

pyramidal tracts are responsible for

test

LMN

A

voluntary motor

DTR

LMN

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7
Q

what are characteristics of UMN

A 
spastic paralysis 
increase DTR
pathological reflex 
clonus 
hypertrophy

CNS BILATERAL

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8
Q

what are characteristics of LMN

A

flaccid paralysis
decrease DTR
muscle atrophy

PNS UNILATERAL

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9
Q

what is PLS

due to

what are symptoms

A

posterolateral sclerosis

not enough b12

stocking and glove paresthesia

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10
Q

what are UMN lesions

what are LMN lesions

A

UMN - CVA, tumor, MS, ALS

LMN - DISC, PNE, IVF, MS, ALS

ALS and MS are BOTH UMN and LMN

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11
Q

what are 5 motor neurological diseases

A 
Erb Duchennes 
Myasthenia Gravis 
ALS 
Cerebral palsy 
Parkinsons
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12
Q

what are 6 motor and sensory diseases

A 
syringomyelia 
MS 
PLS 
brow sequard 
Gillian barre 
charcot marie tooth
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13
Q

gowers sign is seen in what

A

erb duchennes

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14
Q

what condition is seen in young boys that display difficulty walking or waddling with weak muscles

blood panel

A

erb Duchennes

cpk-mm, creatinuria, albuminuria

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15
Q

what are the symptoms of myasthenia gravis

A 
diplopia*
masked faces*
fatigue 
difficulty swallowing 
intermittent*
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16
Q

where does ALS symptoms start

A

intrinisc hand muscles

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17
Q

what disease effects the myoneural junction

A

myasthenia graves

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18
Q

which conditions are UMN and LMN effectors

A

MS and ALS

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19
Q

what are the movements seen in cerebral palsy

A

athetoid and choreiform movement

scissors gait

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20
Q

what is another term for Parkinson’s

A

paralysis agitans

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21
Q

syringomyelia has unilateral or bilateral symptoms

A

bilateral

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22
Q

what parts of the brain are affected by Parkinson’s

A

substantia nigra and basal ganglia (dopamine)

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23
Q

what type of tremor is seen in parkinsons

A

resting tremor

pill rolling tremor

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24
Q

what are symptoms of Parkinsons

A

blank stare
masked faces
festinating gait*
resting tremor*

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25
what is a cavitation that expands into other tracts where is it usually found
syringomyelia cervicals
26
what is typically lost first in syringomyelia
pain and temperature loss in a CAPELIKE or SHAWL like distribution
27
what disease causes demyelination of the cord and plaques form
MS
28
symptoms of MS
diplopia intention tremor speech
29
L hermittes is positive in what condition
MS and myelopathy
30
how does PLS occur
gastritis leads to anemia which leads to PLS (b12)
31
symptoms of PLS
glove and stocking paresthesia weakness pain and temp loss
32
what is hemisection of the cord with ipsilateral loss of motor function and contralateral loss of pain and temp
brown sequared
33
what is a rapidly ascending polyneuropathy after a viral infection
Guillian barre
34
what is another term for charcot Marie tooth disease
peroneal disease
35
what condition is characterized by calf weakness and sensory loss with steppage gait
charcot marie tooth
36
what are vertiginous diseases
menieres - CN7 - tinnitus, vertigo, deafness, unilateral barre lieous - post trauma - same symptoms as menieres labyrinthritis - post trauma and motion dizziness BPPV - post trauma with fatigable nystagmus and vertigo
37
what is inflammation of the costal cartilages along the anteromedial chest wall that mimics a heart attack
tietzes aka costochondritis
38
what causes upper and lower extremity symptoms neurologically
cord compression | myelopathy
39
people with severe cord injuries often die of __ during bedridden
pneumonia
40
what are the symptoms of cauda equine
s2-4 lose bowel and bladder control saddle paresthesia
41
what interupts the sympathetics to the face and what are the causes symptoms
horners syndrome whiplash, TOS, birth, tumor anhydrosis ptosis miosis flushing of the face
42
wrist extensors cord segment
C6
43
wrist flexors cord segment
C7
44
finger extensors cord segment
C7
45
finger flexors cord segment
C8
46
interossei cord segment
T1
47
gluteus medius cord segment
L5
48
gluteus maximus cord segment
S1
49
what's the LIC rule
nerve root - disc - IVF cervical - L - 433 thoracic - I - 444 lumbar - C - 434
50
dermatomal landmarks ``` C2 C3 T2 T4 T7 T10 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 S1 S2 S3 ```
``` C2 - SCALP C3 - NAPE NECK T2 - AXILLA T4 - NIPPLE T7 - XIPHOID T10- UMBILLICUS L1 - INGUINAL LIG AND UPPER THIGH L2- MIDDLE THIGH L3- KNEE L4- MEDIAL LEG L5- TOP OF FOOT S1- LITTLE TOE S2- POSTERIOR THIGH S3-4 - BULLS EYE ```
51
what is the muscle test grading scale
``` 5 - full ROM and resistance 4 - full ROM and some resistance 3 - full ROM against gravity 2 - movement without gravity 1 - contraction no movement 0 - nothing ```
52
what lumbar disc lesion causes bilateral symptoms
central
53
medial lumbar disc herniation antalgia to what side
ipsi side of lesion
54
lateral lumbar disc herniation antalgia to what side
contra side of lesion
55
subrhizal (aka ___) lumbar disc herniation antalgia to what side
posterior antalgia foraward
56
what is the reflex grading system
``` 5 - sustained clonus 4 - transient clonus 3 - hyperreflexia 2- normal 1- hyporelfexia 0- nothing ```
57
what's DRCUMAB
drop hand - radial claw hand - ulna able and benediction hand - median
58
what are the pathological reflexes
BCOGS - extensor toe response RH ``` babinski chaddocks oppenheims gordons schaefers rossolimos hoffmans ```
59
what reflex occurs when you stroke around the lateral malleolus
chaddocks
60
what reflex occurs when you stroke down the tibia
oppenheims
61
what reflex occurs when you squeeze the calf
gordons
62
what reflex occurs when you squeeze the Achilles
schaefers
63
what reflex occurs when you tap the ball of the foot
rossolimos
64
what reflex occurs when you flick the phalanx down and it causes flexion of finger and thumb
Hoffmans
65
scapular flaring is caused by what nerve entrapment
dorsal scapular
66
psoas spasm can cause what nerve entrapment
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
67
Mortons neuroma can cause what nerve entrapment
tibial
68
flexed 4th and 5th digit which is caused by a red ropey fascia
dupuytrens
69
describe the gait disturbances ``` festination motor ataxia sensory ataxia steppage glut med lurch glut max lurch curcumduction waddling scissors ```
festination - shuffling, propulsion, mincing, resting tremors motor ataxia - staggering, cerebellum, intention tremors sensory ataxia - slappage steppage - L4 foot drop glut med lurch - L5 sway over weight bearing leg glut max lurch - S1 AP sway curcumduction - CVA, weak quads waddling - MD, clumsy, weak, toe walker scissors - CP, adductor spasm, toe walker
70
causalgia describes what kind of pain
burning nerve pain
71
ulcer pain is described as
gnawing
72
what is normal femoral angle
120-130
73
what is runners knee
chondromalacia patella
74
what is jumpers knee
patellar tendonitis
75
what is hoffa sign
infrapatellar fat pad
76
what hip condition clicks when bicycling and walking stairs
trochanteric bursitis
77
hypertension and metabolic headaches are worse when
in the morning
78
when do hypoglycemic headaches occur
2 hours after eating
79
tension headaches are described as occur when
bilateral and band like stress related afternoon
80
what two signs are positive for meningitis
brudzinskis sign | kernigs sign
81
nocturnal head pain indicates what
tumor
82
worse headache ever felt indicates what
CVA
83
constant head pain related to polymyalgia rheumatica
temporal arteritis
84
describe meningitis pain what hurts them
constant and generalized can't flex
85
what are characteristics of classical migraines
aura nausea vomiting 3-5 days long made worse by tyramine
86
cluster headaches occur when
every 1-2 hours wakes you up two hours after sleeping
87
what causes causalgia when you squeeze the foot
Mortons neuroma
88
what causes non burning pain when you squeeze the foot
metatarsalagia
89
what is tic douloureux
trigeminal neuralgia 15 seconds of pain episodic
90
trochlear nerve damage causes what
eye down and in
91
what is Allens test
patency of radial and ulnar pulse

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